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Pharmacology Final Exam > Anti - bacterials, parasites, fungals, virals > Flashcards

Anti - bacterials, parasites, fungals, virals Flashcards

1
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): class

A

antitubercular

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2
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): Use

A

active (with other drugs) & latent TB (monotherapy), given 6-9 months

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3
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): EPA

A

inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): ADR

A

hepatotoxicity, N/V, peripheral neuropathy (B6 deficiency), CNS effects (dizzy, ataxia, seizures, psychotic)

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5
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): RN interventions

A

monitor LFT, monitor jaundice, abdominal pain and GI symptoms, educate on when to call, medication adherence (take full course), avoid ETOH

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6
Q

Isoniazid (IHN): contraindications

A

separate 1hr from antacids, avoid in clients with history of liver disease or ETOH abuse

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7
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): class

A

Antitubercular

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8
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): use

A

active and latent TB

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9
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): EPA

A

broad spectrum antibiotic

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10
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): ADR

A

hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, bodily fluids turn reddish/orange

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11
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): RN interventions

A

monitor LFT, monitor for hepatotoxicity, adherence, no ETOH

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12
Q

Rifamycins (Rifadin): contraindications

A

interferes with oral contraception! Warfarin, avoid with liver disease or ETOH abuse

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13
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): class

A

Anti-parasitic: azole antibiotic

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14
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): use

A

Stomach, many forms and uses, bacterial infection, c. diff protozoal infections, adjuvant for H. pylori

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15
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): EPA

A

broad spectrum antibiotic - damages DNA of anaerobic bacteria

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16
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): ADR

A

GI most common, CNS, severe = seizures and peripheral neuropathy

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17
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): RN Interventions

A

with food for GI distress, monitor CNS effects, harmless darkening of urine, AVOID ETOH: causes disulfiram-like reaction

18
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl): contraindication

A

avoid: CNA disease, severe blood disorder, pregnant, many drug-drug interactions

19
Q

chloroquine: class

A

anti-parasitic: antimalarial

20
Q

chloroquine: use

A

treatment and prevention of malaria

21
Q

chloroquine: EPA

A

exact unknown

22
Q

chloroquine: ADR

A

none in low doses, higher does - active malaria = GI symptoms, HA, visual disturbances

23
Q

chloroquine: RN Intervention

A

monitor for and report visual disturbances, call provider about GI distress

24
Q

chloroquine: contraindication

A

none

25
Q

amphotericin B: class

A

anti-fungal: Polyene Antibiotic

26
Q

amphotericin B: Use

A

superficial and systemic fungal infections: candida, yeast, yeast-like fungi, only for fever severe

27
Q

amphotericin B: administration

A

IV form = amphotericin = very toxic! only given with severe systemic fungal infections

28
Q

amphotericin B: EPA

A

interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall

29
Q

amphotericin B: ADR

A
  • amphotericin - closely monitor
  • common reaction during infusion: fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, HA, nausea
  • bone marrow suppression: RBCs, anemia
  • Nephrotoxicity: nephrotoxicity, BUN/CRE- IV fluids
  • Thrombophlebitis: monitor IV site
30
Q

amphotericin B: contraindication

A

nystatin for oral candidas (thrush) = swish and swallow

31
Q

ketoconazole: class

A

Anti-fungal: Azoles, “-azole” (monistat over the counter for yeast infection) (Lotimin over the counter for athletes foot)

32
Q

ketoconazole: use

A

superficial and systemic fungal infections, candida and tinea, athletes foot, jock itch, systemic = disseminated coccidiomycosis histoplasmosis

33
Q

ketoconazole: EPA

A

interrupt integrity of fungal cell wall

34
Q

ketoconazole: ADR

A

topicals: burning, itching, redness
systemic: hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, drowsiness, dizziness

35
Q

ketoconazole: RN Intervention

A

if systemic: monitor LFTs, MUST take with food for better absorption, interaction with antacid, PPIs, H2 blocks

36
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): class

A

antiviral

37
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): use

A

infections from herpes simplex virus, varicella, herpes zoster

38
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): EPA

A

inhibits replication of viral DNA

39
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): ADR

A

burning and itching topical, PO: GI symptoms, headache, and vertigo, IV: renal toxicity, thrombophlebitis, Rare: CNS toxicity, restlessness, tremors, psychosis, seizures

40
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): RN Intervention

A

If IV - monitor BUN, CRE, given IV hydration, monitor IV site closely, topical form: wear gloves when applying

41
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax): contradiction

A

caution: dehydration, renal insufficiency, neurological disorders

Pharmacology Final Exam (4 decks)

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