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Pharmacology Final Exam > Drugs to Treat GI disorders > Flashcards

Drugs to Treat GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): Class

A

Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist

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2
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): EPA

A

decrease amount, acidity, and pepsin content of gastric juices by inhibiting histamine 2 receptors

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3
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): Use

A

treat PUD, GERD, GI bleeding, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (more gastric secretions)

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4
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): ADRs

A

impotence, gynecomastia, decreased libido, confusion, arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic, anemia

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5
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): contraindications

A
  • can increase blood levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lidocaine, ketoconazole, and theophylline
  • Avoid NSAIDs, aspirin, alcohol, or other GI irritants
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6
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet): RN Interventions

A

monitor for delirium, educate on medications to avoid, admin IV slowly to prevent bradycardia, avoid antacids within 1 hour of administration

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7
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): class

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

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8
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): other drugs

A

pantoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole

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9
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): EPA

A

inhibits hydrogen potassium ATPase in stomach which inhibits gastric acid production

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10
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): Use

A

PUD, GERD with esophageal erosion & Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. GERD prophylaxis in the hospital setting secondary to intubation or decreased mobility

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11
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): ADRs

A

risk for bone density, loss with long-term use, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypomagnesemia

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12
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): contraindications

A

teratogenic, avoid ketoconazole, it may increase warfarin, phenytoin, and diazepam levels, St. John’s wort decreases omeprazole levels

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13
Q

omeprazole (Prilosec): RN Intervention

A
  • only take for 8 weeks at a time
  • risk for osteoporosis increases with length of therapy (decrease calcium absorption)
  • take adequate amount of calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium
  • monitor for rebound acid hypersecretions when stopping the medication
  • maintain lowest possible dose
  • report any diarrhea immediately (risk for c. diff)
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14
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): class

A

mucosal protectant

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15
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): EPA

A

causes chemical reaction in the stomach thereby creating a gel that coast ulcers and creates barrier between the stomach and gastric secretions

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16
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): administration

A

take orally on an empty stomach, Four times a day (QID); 1 hr before mealtimes and at bedtime (hs). Do not give within 30 min of antacids.

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17
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): Use

A

treats peptic ulcers 4-8 weeks treatment, may bind to ulcer and form a protective barrier

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18
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): ADR

A

low incidence, not absorbed systemically, constipation and dry mouth

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19
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): interaction

A
  • decrease absorption of antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones
  • decrease absorption of digoxin, phenytoin, diazepam, and warfarin
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20
Q

sucralfate (Carafate): RN Intervention

A
  • administer 2 hours before or after other medications that may decrease absorption
  • increase fluids and fiber increase
  • report severe constipation of diarrhea
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21
Q

aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): class

A

Antacids

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22
Q

aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): other medications

A

magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia); calcium-carbonate (Tums)

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23
Q

aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): EPA

A

alkaline compounds that neutralize gastric acid

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24
Q

aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): Administration

A

take with a full glass of water

25
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): use
used to treat PUD and GERD
26
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): ADRs
- Calcium based (Tums): constipation - Magnesium-based (Milk of magnesia): diarrhea - Aluminum-based (Amphojel): hypophosphatemia
27
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): contraindications
decreased absorption of tetracyclines, digoxin, fluroquinolones, aspirin (do not admin within 1-2 hours of taking these medications
28
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): RN Interventions
- monitor bowel functions for constipation or diarrhea - monitor phosphorus levels for aluminum based....
29
ondansetron (Zofran): class
5-Hydroxytryptamine or serotonin receptor antagonist
30
ondansetron (Zofran): other medication
granisetron (- tron)
31
ondansetron (Zofran): EPA
Block 5-HT3 serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of brain; minimizes nausea and vomiting.
32
ondansetron (Zofran): Use
treat nausea/vomiting secondary to chemo/radiation and in postoperative recovery
33
ondansetron (Zofran): ADRs
torsades de point, stevens johnson syndrome, headache, dizziness
34
ondansetron (Zofran): contraindication
- prolonged QT syndrome (cardiac) - teratogenic - avoid SSRIs/SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, MAOI, lithium, buspirone and triptans due to risk of serotonin syndrome
35
ondansetron (Zofran): RN Intervention
- monitor QT interval on telemetry/ EKG - push slowly over 1-2 minutes if IV - can be given every 8 hours as needed - Educate client to report severe/persistent headaches - increased risk for falls
36
dimenhydrinate: class
antihistamine/ anticholinergic
37
dimenhydrinate: other medications
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
38
dimenhydrinate: EPA
prevents vertigo, nausea, and vomiting to blocked release of histamine (h1) receptors in inner ear and those connected to CTZ
39
dimenhydrinate: Use
treat nausea/vomiting secondary to chemo/radiation therapy and in postoperative recovery
40
dimenhydrinate: ADRs
anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, decreased bladder tone), sedation, drowsiness, dizziness
41
dimenhydrinate: contraindications
- BPH or those with risk of urinary retention - closed angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, pregnancy and lactation - increased risk for sedating effects with other CNS depressants
42
dimenhydrinate: RN intervention
- increased risk for falls - educate on importance of frequent sips of water or hard candies - consume high fiber foods - use laxative support if needed - monitor BP and pulse when giving it via IV (risk for hypotension/bradycardia) - monitor for urinary retention
43
metoclopramide (Reglan): Class
Dopamine Antagonist/ Prokinetic
44
metoclopramide (Reglan): EPA
dopamine receptor blocker, increased threshold of CTZ in the brain
45
metoclopramide (Reglan): Use
treat nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, opioids, and radiation therapy. Can be used to increase GI motility in GERD
46
metoclopramide (Reglan): ADR
Sedation, extrapyramidal reactions (incontrollable repetitive movements of tardive dyskinesia), restlessness, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
47
metoclopramide (Reglan): contraindications
- GI obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation - Parkinson disease - Many drug interactions
48
metoclopramide (Reglan): RN intervention
- increased risk for falls - take the lowest dose possible - monitor for signs and symptoms of EPS or tardive dyskinesia - monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
49
What are the signs and symptoms of EPS
lip smacking, writhing motions, involuntary movements, involuntary spasms of the face and neck, anxiety
50
What does neuroleptic malignant syndrome look like?
muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, altered consciousness
51
psyllium (Metamucil): class
Bulk forming laxative
52
psyllium (Metamucil): EPA
adds bulk and stimulates peristalsis
53
psyllium (Metamucil): therapeutic effect
relief from constipation within 8-72 hours
54
docusate sodium (Colace): class
stool softener
55
docusate sodium (Colace): EPA
changes surface tension of stool, increased water absorption into stool
56
docusate sodium (Colace): ADR, implications, contraindications
- may cause GI effects - it can affect the absorption of drugs - it is contraindicated with esophageal or GI obstruction, dysphagia
57
bisacodyl (Dulcolax): class
cathartics
58
bisacodyl (Dulcolax): Use
treat constipation, neurogenic bowel or for bowel prep
59
bisacodyl (Dulcolax): therapeutic effect
taken PO usually produced bowel movement in 6-12 hours. Rectally administered produces a bowel movement within 15 minutes to 1 hour

Pharmacology Final Exam (4 decks)

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