Infant Growth and Development

Question 1

According to Erikson what stage of development are infants in?

Answer 1

Trust vs mistrust (birth to 1 year)

Question 2

How is the trust vs mistrust stage fulfilled?

Answer 2

Caregivers respond to the infant’s basic needs by feeding, changing diapers, cleaning, touching, holding, and talking to the infant. This creates a sense of trust in the infant

Question 3

According to Piaget, what stage of development is the infant in?

Answer 3

Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)

Question 4

What is the sensorimotor stage of development?

Answer 4

Infant uses senses and motor skills to learn about the world

Question 5

According to Freud what stage of development are infants in?

Answer 5

Oral stage (birth to 1 year)

Question 6

What is the oral stage?

Answer 6

Pleasure is focused on oral activities: feeding and sucking

Question 7

By 1 month the nurse can expect for the infant to have developed what gross motor skills?

Answer 7

Lifts and turns head to side in prone position
Head lag when pulled to sit
Rounded back in sitting

Question 8

By 2 months what gross motor skill can the nurse expect the infant to have?

Answer 8

Raises head and chest, holds position
Improving head control

Question 9

By 3 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect

Answer 9

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone
Slight head lag in pull-to-sit

Question 10

By 4 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect?

Answer 10

Lifts head and looks around
Rolls from prone to supine
Head leads body when pulled to sit

Question 11

By 5 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect?

Answer 11

Rolls from supine to prone and back again
Sits with back upright when supported

Question 12

By 6 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect?

Answer 12

Tripod sits

Question 13

By 7 months what gross motor skill can the nurse expect?

Answer 13

Sits alone with some use of hands for support

Question 14

By 8 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect?

Answer 14

Sits unsupported

Question 15

By 9 months what gross motor skill can the nurse expect?

Answer 15

Crawls, abdomen off floor

Question 16

By 10 months what gross motor skill can the nurse expect

Answer 16

Pulls to stand
Cruises

Question 17

By 12 months what gross motor skills can the nurse expect?

Answer 17

Sits from standing position
Walks independently

Question 18

At 1-3 months what form of communication should the nurse expect from the baby?

Answer 18

Coos, makes other vocalizations, and demonstrates differentiated crying

Question 19

At 4 to 5 months of age what form of communication can the nurse expect?

Answer 19

Simple vowel sounds, laughs aloud, performs “raspberries,” and vocalizes in response to voices. Responds to his or her name and “no”

Question 20

At 7 to 10 months what form of communication can the nurse expect?

Answer 20

Babbling begins and progresses to strings without meaning. Infant may also be able to respond to simple commands

Question 21

At 9 to 12 months of age what form of communication can the nurse expect?

Answer 21

Infant begins to arrach meaning to “mama” and “dada” and starts to imitate animal sounds. Infant pays increasing attention to speech and tries to imitate words; he or she may also say “uh-oh.” 12 month old also babbles with inflection

Question 22

What is a pincer grasp and when does it develop?

Answer 22

A fine pincer grasp is when the infant can grasp an object (such as a Cheerio) between his or her thumb and index finger. This develops around 10 months of age

Question 23

What is stranger anxiety and when does it typically develop?

Answer 23

When the infant becomes clingy or whiny around strangers. Indicator that the infant views him or herself as separate from others. Usually develops around 8 months