Infant growth and development Flashcards
what is essential to normal infant physical and mental health
healthy pregnancy and positive early childhood environment
newborn’s viability depends on nurses understnaidn of balance to
chemical, physiological and anatomical Changes that occur as the fetus transitions to postnatal life
reflexes
responses following stimulation
reflexes that assist with survival
rooting and suckign
suck reflex
finge, nipple touches roof of mouth and infant begins to suck
when does the suck reflex become voluntary
4mo
rooting reflex
touch finger, cheek, lip, corner of mouth with nipple baby turns head into that direction, opens mouth takes in nipple and sucks
root reflex disappearance
after 4mo
swallowing reflex
sucking something that touches back of throat
swallowing reflex coordinates
suck and swallow
palmar grasp
finger in hand and curl to grasp
plantar reflex
rub foot and feet curl in; lessens 9-12mo
startle/moro reflex
life newborn from lying position and drop, startle them
when does startle disappear
after 4mo
babinski reflex
stroke side of foot and toes fan out and open
babinsky reflex disappearance and presence
disappear around 2yr; not present – neuro issue
Denver developmental screening test 2 age and screening occurrence
- birth to 6yr
- 3 to 4mo, 10mo, 3yr
Denver developmental screening test 2 areas of development
- personal-social
- fine motor adaptive
- language
- gross motor
sensorimotor period
infants develop coordination to master activities that allow them to interact with environment
sensorimotor period: behavioral strategies age and what is it
4-10mo, know will give certain outcome
secondary circular reactions-shift
shift cognitive horizons beyond themselves and begin to act on outside world
secondary circular reactions-appear
appear to do things with purpose, more coordinated
-intentionally repeat action to elicit response
secondary circular reactions age
4-8mo
pincer grasp
pick up food and feed selves, 8-9mo
coordination of secondary circular reactions
8-12mo, begins to use more calculated approaches to producing events, object permanence
tertiary circular reactions
deliberate variation of actions that bring desirable consequences, 12-18mo
nurse’s role: promote
confidence in parents’ ability to act to enhance infants’ health
nurse’s role: identify and perception
identify problems; family’s perception of good/bad health practices
nurse’s role: consequences
of unhealthy practices
nurse’s role: help
parents recognize infant susceptibility, safety
nurse’s role: teach
characteristics that influence health
Hepatitis B doses
1st: birth
2nd: 1-2mo
3rd: 6-18mo
Rotavirus vaccine times
1st-2mo
2nd- 4mo
DTAP vaccine schedule
2mo, 4mo, 6mo, 15-18mo, 4-6yr
Haemophilus influenzae type vaccine schedule
2, 4, 6mo; booster-12-15mo
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule
2, 4, 6, 12-15mo
Inactivate poliovirus vaccine schedule
2, 4, 6-18mo, 4-6yr
Influenza vaccine schedule
6-15mo, 2nd dose is 1mo later
Varicella vaccine schedule
12-15mo, 4-6yr
Hepatitis A vaccine schedule
2 doses: 12-23mo, minimum interval is 6mo
TODDLER: SENSORIMOTOR PERIOD
- object permanence —> critical
- representational thought
- egocentrism (part of preoperational too)
TODDLER: erikson’s theory of autonomy vs shame and doubt (5)
- achieve a balance between self determination and control by others
- relinquish dependence on others
- say “NO” because do not want to be told what to do
- need to explore world but protect them
- temper tantrums (vocalize needs and establish authority)
TODDLER nutrition is needed for
Energy
Cognition
GI, immune system
Physical development
TODDLER inadequate nutrition can lead to
Delayed recovery
Immune system —> Infection
Depletion of muscle mass
TODDLER: Nurse involvement in family —provide
Education focused on physical and developmental changes for toddlers
TODDLER: Nurse involvement in family —teach
Health promotion activities to toddlers
TODDLER: Nurse involvement in family —engage
In screening activities
TODDLER: Nurse involvement in family — promote
Routine health exams and child immunization schedule
TODDLER: Nurse involvement in family —education
Parents about resources available in community
TODDLER: areas of nursing interventions
Accidental
Structural hazards
Drowning
Burns
Motor vehicles (car seat safety)
Poisoning
TODDLER: car seat safety
Safest to keep children in forward-facing back seat with harness until reaching maximum height of 4’9”
Infant car seat safety
Rear facing only
TODDLER: nursing dx
Delayed growth and development
Imbalance nutrition, less than body requirements
Interrupted family process
Readiness for enhanced parenting
Risk for caregiver role strain
TODDLER: piaget pre-operational stage
- symbolically with language
- egocentrism and irreversibility
TODDLER: Erickson initiative vs guilt
Sense of initiative experience: Vigorous activity and active imagination
Parental role and initiative
Promote initiative, nurture ideas, encourage behaviors for positive self concept
TODDLER: sleep amount and needs
8-12hr, including nap or quiet time
Need a ritual and routine
