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Health and Social > Infancy (0-2 years) - Reflexes > Flashcards

Infancy (0-2 years) - Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Grasping reflex

A

Stroking the palm of the baby’s hand will cause the baby to close their fingers in a grasp.

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2
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Will happen when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby’s head is turned and their mouth will open.

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3
Q

Sucking reflex

A

when the roof of the baby’s mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck.

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4
Q

Moro reflex (the startle reflex)

A

when the baby is startled by a loud noise and in response throws back it’s head, extends arms and legs, cried then pulls back.

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5
Q

Tonic neck reflex

A

when a baby turns to one side, their arms follow same direction. the “fencing” position.

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6
Q

Stepping reflex (walking or dancing reflex)

A

As the baby appears to be walking/dancing when help upright with his/her feet touching a solid surface.

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7
Q

Babinski reflex

A

when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back towards the top of the foot and the other toes fan out.

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8
Q

Define Gross Motor Skills.

A

These are large movements which are developed first

e.g- kicking and skipping.

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9
Q

What are 2 gross motor skills at 3 months?

A

Head Control

Hand/Arm movement

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10
Q

What are 2 Gross Motor skills at 6 months?

A

Roll over

Sit with support

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11
Q

What are 2 gross motor skills at 9 months?

A

Crawl

Stand with support

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12
Q

What are 2 gross motor skills at 12 months?

A

Stand alone

Drop and pick up toys

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13
Q

what are 2 gross motor skills at 18 months?

A

Walk alone

Run

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14
Q

What are 2 gross motor skills at 24 months?

A

Carry toy whilst walking

Walk up and down stairs alone.

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15
Q

Define fine motor skills?

A

Fine Motor skills are small movements which are more complex to develop.

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16
Q

What are 2 fine motor skills at 3 months?

A

Rattle toys

squeezing toys

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17
Q

What are 2 fine motor skills at 6 months?

A

Grasp things

objects put in mouth

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18
Q

what are 2 fine motor skills at 9 moths?

A

Movements with hands

transfer objects from one hand to another.

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19
Q

What are 2 fine motor skills at 12 months?

A

hold a crayon using ‘palmer grasp’

hold bottle by themselves

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20
Q

what are 2 fine motor skills at 18 months?

A

Take a spoon to their mouth

scribble

21
Q

what are 2 fine motor skills at 24 months?

A

Begin to dress themselves

Eat alone

22
Q 
Put this in order:
a) sit without support
B) hold a rattle or similar toy 
C) hold up their head 
D) crawl using hands + knees
E) walk unaided 
F)use their whole hand to pass a toy from one hand to another.
A

C, B, A, F, D, E

23
Q

How do new born babies attract attention?

A

They scream and cry

24
Q

How does a 3 year old attract attention

A

they use verbal communication

25
Q

Define ‘egocentric’

A

Infants respond to the world through their senses, they can only see the world from their own viewpoint.

26
Q

What are the senses?

A
  1. Smell
  2. Touch
  3. Sight
  4. hear
  5. Taste
27
Q

Why do babies always put objects in their mouth?

A

because they are developing their senses and so using their mouth to explore.

28
Q

What is the language at birth?

A

Involuntary cry

29
Q

What is the language at 6 weeks onwards?

A

gurgling and cooing

30
Q

what is the language at 4-5 months?

A

laughing and squealing

31
Q

what is the language at 6 months?

A

babbling

32
Q

what is the language at 9 months?

A

understands “no”

Join in action rhymes

33
Q

what is the language at 9-12 months?

A

one hand utterances ( Dada, Mama)
Know his/her own name
obeys simple thing

34
Q

what is the language at 18 months?

A

Says first words (the names of people)

Joins in songs.

35
Q

What is the language at 24 months?

A

50+ words
understand instructions
asks a lot
put words together

36
Q

what is language needed for?

A
  1. to communicate
  2. express emotions
  3. draw attention
  4. develop imagination
  5. build a good social life/ relationship.
37
Q

what is involved in emotional development?

A
  1. become aware of yourself
  2. develooping feelings about yourself
  3. working out your feeling towards others.
  4. developing a self-image and personal identity.
38
Q

why do new-borns infants cry?

A

if they are left alone or not held firmly because they don’t feel secure.
when they are frustrated or uncomfortable.

39
Q

describe ‘attachment’.

A

when an infant has the opportunities to develop feelings of trust and security during the early years of life.

40
Q

describe ‘bonding’

A

when an infant develops a strong emotional link with their parents or main care-givers.

41
Q

what is indiscriminate attachment?

A

when anyone can hold the baby and it protest when put down.

usually lasts up to 6 months.

42
Q

what is specific attachment?

A

the baby is usually bonded to the parents and shows fear of strangers.
intense for 3-4 months, between 7-12 months.

43
Q

what is multiple attachment?

A

the baby’s attachment broadens to close relatives and people who see the baby frequently.
this is from 12 months+

44
Q

what is the first social relationship to occur?

A

attachment and bonding with a parent or career.

45
Q

what is meant by emotional development?

A

a child’s ability to feel and express emotions.

46
Q

what is meant by social skills?

A

the development of skills that lead to independence.

47
Q

what is meant by self-image and identity?

A

a child’s view and awareness of him/herself.

48
Q

what is meant by social development ?

A

a child’s relationships with other people.

49
Q

what is meant by primary socialisation?

A

a child learning the norms/values of ways to behave from their primary socialiser.

Health and Social (4 decks)

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