Infancy (0-2 years) - Reflexes Flashcards
Grasping reflex
Stroking the palm of the baby’s hand will cause the baby to close their fingers in a grasp.
Rooting reflex
Will happen when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby’s head is turned and their mouth will open.
Sucking reflex
when the roof of the baby’s mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck.
Moro reflex (the startle reflex)
when the baby is startled by a loud noise and in response throws back it’s head, extends arms and legs, cried then pulls back.
Tonic neck reflex
when a baby turns to one side, their arms follow same direction. the “fencing” position.
Stepping reflex (walking or dancing reflex)
As the baby appears to be walking/dancing when help upright with his/her feet touching a solid surface.
Babinski reflex
when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back towards the top of the foot and the other toes fan out.
Define Gross Motor Skills.
These are large movements which are developed first
e.g- kicking and skipping.
What are 2 gross motor skills at 3 months?
Head Control
Hand/Arm movement
What are 2 Gross Motor skills at 6 months?
Roll over
Sit with support
What are 2 gross motor skills at 9 months?
Crawl
Stand with support
What are 2 gross motor skills at 12 months?
Stand alone
Drop and pick up toys
what are 2 gross motor skills at 18 months?
Walk alone
Run
What are 2 gross motor skills at 24 months?
Carry toy whilst walking
Walk up and down stairs alone.
Define fine motor skills?
Fine Motor skills are small movements which are more complex to develop.
What are 2 fine motor skills at 3 months?
Rattle toys
squeezing toys
What are 2 fine motor skills at 6 months?
Grasp things
objects put in mouth
what are 2 fine motor skills at 9 moths?
Movements with hands
transfer objects from one hand to another.
What are 2 fine motor skills at 12 months?
hold a crayon using ‘palmer grasp’
hold bottle by themselves
what are 2 fine motor skills at 18 months?
Take a spoon to their mouth
scribble
what are 2 fine motor skills at 24 months?
Begin to dress themselves
Eat alone
Put this in order: a) sit without support B) hold a rattle or similar toy C) hold up their head D) crawl using hands + knees E) walk unaided F)use their whole hand to pass a toy from one hand to another.
C, B, A, F, D, E
How do new born babies attract attention?
They scream and cry
How does a 3 year old attract attention
they use verbal communication
Define ‘egocentric’
Infants respond to the world through their senses, they can only see the world from their own viewpoint.
What are the senses?
- Smell
- Touch
- Sight
- hear
- Taste
Why do babies always put objects in their mouth?
because they are developing their senses and so using their mouth to explore.
What is the language at birth?
Involuntary cry
What is the language at 6 weeks onwards?
gurgling and cooing
what is the language at 4-5 months?
laughing and squealing
what is the language at 6 months?
babbling
what is the language at 9 months?
understands “no”
Join in action rhymes
what is the language at 9-12 months?
one hand utterances ( Dada, Mama)
Know his/her own name
obeys simple thing
what is the language at 18 months?
Says first words (the names of people)
Joins in songs.
What is the language at 24 months?
50+ words
understand instructions
asks a lot
put words together
what is language needed for?
- to communicate
- express emotions
- draw attention
- develop imagination
- build a good social life/ relationship.
what is involved in emotional development?
- become aware of yourself
- develooping feelings about yourself
- working out your feeling towards others.
- developing a self-image and personal identity.
why do new-borns infants cry?
if they are left alone or not held firmly because they don’t feel secure.
when they are frustrated or uncomfortable.
describe ‘attachment’.
when an infant has the opportunities to develop feelings of trust and security during the early years of life.
describe ‘bonding’
when an infant develops a strong emotional link with their parents or main care-givers.
what is indiscriminate attachment?
when anyone can hold the baby and it protest when put down.
usually lasts up to 6 months.
what is specific attachment?
the baby is usually bonded to the parents and shows fear of strangers.
intense for 3-4 months, between 7-12 months.
what is multiple attachment?
the baby’s attachment broadens to close relatives and people who see the baby frequently.
this is from 12 months+
what is the first social relationship to occur?
attachment and bonding with a parent or career.
what is meant by emotional development?
a child’s ability to feel and express emotions.
what is meant by social skills?
the development of skills that lead to independence.
what is meant by self-image and identity?
a child’s view and awareness of him/herself.
what is meant by social development ?
a child’s relationships with other people.
what is meant by primary socialisation?
a child learning the norms/values of ways to behave from their primary socialiser.
