Childhood Flashcards
what happens emotional wise during childhood?
the child becomes more emotionally stable.
what happens intellectual wise during childhood?
the child becomes more intellectual and develops much more (PIES)
define ‘egocentric’.
being preoccupied with aspects of the ‘self’ while being insensitive to the needs and thoughts of others.
define ‘gender constancy’
the motion that a persons sex is fixed and will not change.
define ‘norms’
a shared expectation of behaviour that indicates what is culturally desirable and acceptable.
define ‘peers’
individuals share a common characteristics who see themselves and are seen by others as associated or belonging together in some way.
define ‘primary socialisation’
process by which children learn to become members of society by learning the norms an values of the society in which they live.
define ‘self concept’
combination of self-image and self esteem which together produce a sense of personal identity.
how do playground games help to promote the development of PIES?
most games involve teamwork so they will be socialising, will show emotional, physical/psychological stages.
are games gender wise?
most people believe that games such as football is more rough and abusive therefore for boys whereas playing with dolls is more delicate so for girls.
2 gross motor skills at 2-3 years old?
run easily
can climb
2 gross motor skills at 3-4 years old ?
ride bike using stabilisers
walk on a line
2 gross motor skills at 4-6 years old?
walk up and down stairs
walk on tiptoes
2 gross motor skills at ages 6-8?
ride a two wheeler bike
skills with rope skipping
2 fine motor skills at ages 2-3 ?
pick up small items
turn knobs/handles
2 fine motor skills at ages 3-4?
control pencils
thread a string of small beads
2 fine motor skills at ages 4-5?
cut along a straight line
colour inside the lines
2 fine motor skills at 6-8 ?
hold a pencil correctly
clean their teeth
what intellectual does a 3yr old develop?
start to understand concept of ‘over’, ‘under’.
enjoys stories
starts to use short sentences
explores world with language.
intellectual at 4 years of age ?
starts full time education
asks a lot of ‘why’ questions
basic grammar
longer concentration span
intellectual development at 5 years of age?
draws detailed picture
solve problems
speech is grammatically correct
intellectual development at 8-9 years of age?
use and understand complex sentences
speak expressively
how can a child be encouraged to develop intellectual?
talking, playing, sharing books and stories encouraging to ask questions.
showing the difference between right and wrong, allowing to be creative to enhance imagination.
what conditions can hinder a child’s intellectual development ?
lack of opportunities to play frequent illness poor concentration constant nagging, bullying disabilities too much TV.
how do children learn?
by talking and repeating what they say.
asking questions
copying adults
experimenting and role play
what is the pre-operational stage ?
when the child cannot use logic or transform, combine or separate ideas.
what is the concrete operational stage?
it marks the beginning of a logical or operational stage.
seen as mature enough to use logical thoughts
the play stage at ages 0-2?
solitary
plays alone
the play stage at ages 2-2 1/2 ?
spector
observes other children but not playing with them.
the play stage at ages 2-3 1/2 ?
parallel
play alongside but not together
play stage at ages 3-4 ?
associate
starts to interact and develop friends
play stage at ages 4-5+ ?
co-operative
plays together with shared aims
intellectual development at 2-3 years?
begins to use symbols in this play
play alongside other children
copies adults and other children
intellectual development at 3-4 years?
recognises shapes, letters and colours
solves jigsaw puzzles
plays co-operatively together
intellectual development at 4-6 years?
begins to use and understand symbols
shows much understanding to experiences
begin to understand simple rules
intellectual development at 6-8 years ?
enjoys laying with small groups
enjoys playing co-operative games
likes to play with children of their own sex
What emotional and social development occurs during the ages of 3-8?
the child will form an increasing number of relationships with new people.
develop further communication and relationship skills
independence
improve language and social skills
awareness of who they are/ developing a sensor of ‘self’.
what emotional development occurs during the ages of 3-8?
Loosen bond with parents independence understand the feelings of others handle their own feelings learn how to share and cooperate develop self-concept
At age 3?
Copy the behaviour or moods of adults
At age 5?
Become more confident
At age 6?
Signs of frustration
understand and control their emotions such as fear, anger, jealousy and frustration.
At age 8?
They become emotionally stable.
What is separation anxiety?
when children do not know how to cope with the separation from their parents when starting school.
factors that can affect a child’s behaviour?
loneliness tiredness hunger worry illness boredom frustration
what is a child’s idea about ‘self’?
children will describe themselves in terms of their visible characteristics.
they will not make judgments about their overall worth.
what is primary socialisation?
comes from the parents.
teachers of the norms of behaviour by demonstrating and reinforcing appropriate behaviour and disapproving unacceptable behaviour.
what is secondary socialisation?
comes during the rest of our life, from teachers, friends and everyone else we come into contact with.
children’s friendships at 3 years of age?
Take turns when playing with other children
children’s friendships at 4 years of age ?
depend on parents and carers to provide social activities for them.
children’s friendships at 5-6 years of age?
chooses own friends and decides on play activities
children’s friendships at 8 years of age?
more awareness of social skills and rules they need to co-operate with others.
friends will become important to them.
further emotional and social development?
independence
friends usually from the same neighbourhood and are often the same sex
self-conscious and fear that everyone notice small differences.
at ages 2-3?
uses ‘I’, ‘me’, ‘you’
fear of separation
dependant, clingy and enjoyment of playing alongside another child.
at ages of 3-4 ?
likes to share, uses ‘we’
co-operative play with other children
practises sex-role activities
imaginary friend
at ages 4-5?
prefers to play with other children
more competitive
prefers sex-appropriate activities
