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DO IT FOR UMAIS > Inequality (3) > Flashcards

Inequality (3) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sociology

A

The study of the development, structure and functioning of human society

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2
Q

How can sociology be applied to healthcare? [3]

A
  • Study peoples interactions with those engaged in medical occupations (professional-patient relationships).
  • Study the way people interpret / make sense of illness (illness vs disease). Think AIDS.
  • Study the behaviour and interactions of health care professionals in their work setting.
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3
Q

What are some socio-economic influences on health? [5]

A
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Housing
  • Education
  • Employment
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4
Q

What is social class based on? [2]

A
  • Income
  • Position within employment

i.e. you could win the lottery and still work as a cleaner in Apple HQ - Your social class isn’t only how much money you have.

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5
Q

What are the social classes? [8]

A
  1. Higher professional / Managers (Consultants or CEOs)
  2. Lower managerial and professional workers (Junior Doctors / Office Lead)
  3. Intermediate occupations (Deputy manager of office / Midwife / Charge Nurse)
  4. Small employers and non professional self-employed (Self-employed Plumber)
  5. Lower supervisory and technical (Plumber)
  6. Semi-routine occupations (HCA / Retail)
  7. Routine occupations (factory job)
  8. Long term unemployed
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6
Q

Why is gender relevant as a social factor, in healthcare settings? [3]

A
  • Men have a higher mortality at every age
  • Women have a higher morbidity
  • Women consult more frequently in GP settings
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7
Q

How might ethnicity act as a social factor in the healthcare setting? [3]

A

Britain is a multi cultural society, but:

  • Low socio-economic groups in ethnic communities have higher morbidity rates than their non ethnic counterparts.
  • Communication factors affect healthcare.
  • Stereotyping is a concern.
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8
Q

How might poor housing act as a social factor, in terms of healthcare outcomes? [2]

A

Cold homes increase the chance of:

  • Mental-health problems
  • Respiratory problems in children
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9
Q

How might education act as a social factor, in regards to healthcare?

A

Those with higher levels of education tend to be healthier, due to:

  • higher medical literacy
  • active involvement with their healthcare services.
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10
Q

How might employment act as a social factor when considering healthcare?

A
  • Provides income and financial security
  • Provides social contacts and status in society
  • Provides a purpose in life.

Basically, being employed makes you less likely to have poor mental health.

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11
Q

What benefits does active travel bring? [3]

A
  • Improved mental health
  • Prevention of chronic diseases
  • Reduced risk of premature death
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12
Q

Define Health Inequalities, according to W.H.O.

A

The differences in health status (or in the distribution of health determinants) between different population groups

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13
Q

Children living in deprived areas are more likely to have what? [4]

A
  • Lower birth weight
  • Poorer dental health
  • Higher obesity
  • Higher rates of teenage pregnancy
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14
Q

What groups of people are vulnerable to health inequalities? [5]

A
  • Homeless
  • Learning disability
  • Refugees
  • Prisoners
  • LGBT
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15
Q

Why are the homeless vulnerable? [4]

A
  • More likely to be assaulted
  • Less likely to be registered with a doctor
  • Higher prevalence of infectious diseases
  • Higher prevalence of drug dependency problems
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16
Q

What can stop those with learning disabilities from getting good quality healthcare? [5]

A
  • Lack of accessible transport links
  • Staff having little understanding or not identifying those with a learning disability
  • Failure to recognise that they are unwell or failure to make a correct diagnosis
  • Anxiety with healthcare settings
  • Inadequate aftercare or follow up
17
Q

By how many years does the life expectancy decrease for those with a learning disability (male and female)?

A

MALE: 14 Years Shorter

FEMALE: 18 Years Shorter

18
Q

What challenges may refugees face when arriving in a new country? [7]

A
  • Overwhelmed by competing demands of distinct services (education, housing, transport and healthcare)
  • Language barriers impede the adjustment process
  • Some refugees with urgent medical conditions are unable to establish care in a timely manner
  • Exposure to violence, torture and welfare is common amongst this group
  • Mental health problems likely to be present and unrecognised
  • Arrive with already poorly controlled conditions
  • Anti-immigrant sentiments
19
Q

What risky lifestyle behaviours are prisoners or ex prisoners more likely to partake in? [4]

A
  • llicit drug use
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Violence/accidents
20
Q

What difficulties are LGBT community members more likely to suffer from, in comparison to the rest of society? [3]

A
  • Self harm
  • Depression and anxiety
  • Reluctance to disclose orientation
21
Q

What is the inverse care law (theory tbh) ?

A

Those who most need medical care are least likely to receive it.

Those with least need of healthcare tend to use health services more, and more effectively.

22
Q

Tackling health inequalities requires action from what areas? [5]

A
  • Government (national AND local)
  • NHS
  • Schools
  • Employers
  • Third sector (charities etc)
23
Q

What are the priorities when tackling health inequality, in Scotland? [3]

A
  • Children
  • Mental health
  • Fatal Diseases (i.e. heart disease)
24
Q

How can we reduce health inequality? [6]

A
  • Evaluate and refine integration of health and social care
  • Government policies and legislation
  • Invest in the more vulnerable patient groups
  • Improve access to health and social care services
  • Improve employment opportunities for all
  • Ensure equal access to education in all areas
25
Q

What are the 2 functions of voluntary sector organisations?

A
  • Provide a means of engaging effectively with communities and individuals
  • Deliver a range of services which may help to reduce health inequalities
26
Q

Give 5 benefits of volunteering

A
  • Gain confidence
  • Make a difference
  • Meet people
  • Be part of a community
  • Learn new skills

DO IT FOR UMAIS (21 decks)

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