Impact of long term conditions (2)

Question 1

Define person centered care

Answer 1

The provision of care that places the patient at the centre.

Ensuring that the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves.

Question 2

Give the 5 principles of patient centered care

Answer 2

• Respect
• Choice and empowerment
• Patient involvement
• Access and support
• Information

Question 3

Give 3 examples of long term conditions

Answer 3

Ischaemic heart disease,
Respiratory disease,
Osteoarthritis

Question 4

Give examples of how long term conditions can affect lifestyle.

Answer 4

• Constraints on family life
• Failure to re-establish functional capacity to work
• Unremitting chronic pain

Question 5

Long term conditions account for what % of all GP appointments?

Answer 5

50%

64% of all outpatient appointments and over 70% of all inpatient bed days

Question 6

What is the % of long term conditions in those >60 and those <40.

Answer 6

58% over 60

14% under 40

Question 7

Define incidence

Answer 7

The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time.

Question 8

Define prevalence

Answer 8

The number of people in a population with a specific disease

at a single point in time or

in a defined period of time

Question 9

Define vulnerability

Answer 9

An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis

Question 10

Give 3 examples of the burden of treatment

Answer 10

• Changing behaviour to adhere to lifestyle modifications
• Monitoring and managing their symptoms at home
• Polypharmacy and side efects

Question 11

Define biographical disruption

Answer 11

Long term condition

• -> Loss of confidence in the body
• -> Loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity

Question 12

Coping with stigma leads to choosing between what?

Answer 12

Decision to disclose or to conceal the condition

Question 13

Give 8 examples of negative impacts of a long term condition on the individual/family

Answer 13

• Denial
• Self Pity
• Apathy
• Financial
• Physical
• Emotional
• Isolation

Question 14

Define health

Answer 14

A state of complete physical,
mental and
social well-being

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 15

Define disability

Answer 15

• Body and structure impairment
• Activity limitation
• Participation restrictions

Question 16

Give 4 medical models of disability (causes of disability)

Answer 16

• Individual cause (accident whilst drunk)
• Underlying pathology (obesity)
• Individual level intervention (health professionals advice)
• Individual change (change in behaviour)

Question 17

Give 4 social models of disability (causes of disability)

Answer 17

• Societal cause (low wages)
• Conditions relating to housing
• Social action needed (facilities for disabled)
• Societal attitude change (use of politically correct language)

Question 18

What does personal reaction to disability depend on?

Answer 18

• Nature of disability
• Coping strategies of individual
• Support network of the individual
• Time to adapt
• Mood and emotional reaction of the individual

Question 19

Give 5 causes of disability around the world

Answer 19

Congenital, 
Injury, 
Mental illness, 
Malnutrition, 
Alcohol/Drugs

Question 20

How many of those with a disability in the UK are in employment?

Answer 20

Only 1/3 (think of the impacts on the individual this amy have)

Question 21

Give 4 of Wilson’s criteria for screening

Answer 21

• Condition should be important
• Must be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage
• Natural course of disease should be understood
• Test should be acceptable to population