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AP Human Geography > Industry & Energy > Flashcards

Industry & Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

BULK-GAINING INDUSTRY

A

AN INDUSTRY IN WHICH THE FINAL PRODUCT WEIGHS MORE OR COMPRISES A GREATER VOLUME THAN THE INPUTS

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2
Q

BULK-REDUCING INDUSTRY

A

AN INDUSTRY IN WHICH THE FINAL PRODUCT WEIGHTS LESS OR COMPRISES A LOWER VOLUME THAN THE INPUTS

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3
Q

CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC)

A

A GAS USED AS A SOLVENT, A PROPELLANT IN AEROSOLS, A REFRIGERANT, AND IN PLASTIC FOAMS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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4
Q

CONSUMPTIVE WATER USAGE

A

THE USE OF WATER THAT WILL NOT RETURN TO NATURE AS A LIQUID

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5
Q

COTTAGE INDUSTRY

A

MANUFACTURING BASED IN HOMES RATHER THAN IN FACTORIES, MOST COMMON PRIOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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6
Q

FISSION

A

THE SPLITTING OF AN ATOMIC NUCLEUS TO RELEASE ENERGY

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7
Q

FORDIST PRODUCTION

A

A FORM OF MASS PRODUCTION IN WHICH EACH WORKER IS ASSIGNED ONE SPECIFIC TASK TO PERFORM REPEATEDLY

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8
Q

FOSSIL FUEL

A

AN ENERGY SOURCE FORMED FROM THE RESIDUE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS BURIED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO

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9
Q

FUSION

A

CREATION OF ENERGY BY JOINING THE NUCLEI OF TWO HYDROGEN ATOMS TO FORM HELIUM

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10
Q

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

A

ENERGY FROM STEAM OR HOT WATER PRODUCED FROM HOT OR MOLTEN UNDERGROUND ROCKS

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11
Q

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

A

THE ANTICIPATED INCREASE IN EARTH’S TEMPERATURE CAUSED BY CARBON DIOXIDE (EMITTED BY BURNING FOSSIL FUELS) TRAPPING SOME OF THE RADIATION EMITTED BY THE SURFACE

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12
Q

JUST-IN-TIME DELIVERY

A

SHIPMENT OF PARTS AND MATERIALS TO ARRIVE AT A FACTORY MOMENTS BEFORE THEY ARE NEEDED

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13
Q

LABOR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRY

A

AN INDUSTRY FOR WHICH LABOR COSTS COMPRISE A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPENSES

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14
Q

MAQUILADORA

A

A FACTORY BUILT BY A US COMPANY IN MEXICO NEAR THE US BORDER, TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE MUCH LOWER LABOR COSTS IN MEXICO

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15
Q

NEW INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR

A

TRANSFER OF SOME TYPES OF JOBS, ESPECIALLY THOSE REQUIRING LOW-PAID, LESS-SKILLED WORKERS, FROM MORE DEVELOPED TO LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

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16
Q

NON-CONSUMPTIVE WATER USAGE

A

THE USE OF WATER THAT IS RETURNED TO NATURE AS A LIQUID

17
Q

NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION

A

POLLUTION THAT ORIGINATES FROM A LARGE, DIFFUSE AREA

18
Q

NONRENEWABLE ENERGY

A

A SOURCE PRODUCED IN NATURE MORE SLOWLY THAN IT IS CONSUMED BY HUMANS

19
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY

A

A SOURCE PRODUCED IN NATURE MORE RAPIDLY THAN IT IS CONSUMED BY HUMANS

20
Q

OUTSOURCING

A

A DECISION BY A CORPORATION TO TURN OVER MUCH OF THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PRODUCTION TO INDEPENDENT SUPPLIERS

21
Q

OZONE

A

A GAS THAT ABSORBS ULTRAVIOLET SOLAR RADIATION AND IS FOUND IN THE STRATOSPHERE, A ZONE 15 TO 50 KILOMETERS (9-30 MILES) ABOVE EARTH’S SURFACE

22
Q

PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

A

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS THAT COLLECT ENERGY WITHOUT THE USE OF MECHANICAL DEVICES

23
Q

PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG

A

AN ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION FORMED THROUGH A COMBINATION OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY FROM MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION

24
Q

POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

A

POLLUTION THAT ENTERS A BODY OF WATER FROM A SPECIFIC SOURCE

25
Q

POLLUTION

A

CONCENTRATION OF WASTE ADDED TO AIR, WATER, OR LAND AT A GREATER LEVEL THAN OCCURS IN AVERAGE AIR, WATER, OR LAND

26
Q

POST-FORDIST PRODUCTION

A

ADOPTION BY COMPANIES OF FLEXIBLE WORK RULES, SUCH AS THE ALLOCATION OF WORKERS TO TEAMS THAT PERFORM A VARIETY OF TASKS

27
Q

POTENTIAL RESERVE

A

THE AMOUNT OF A RESOURCE IN DEPOSITS NOT YET IDENTIFIED BUT THOUGHT TO EXIST

28
Q

PROVEN RESERVE

A

THE AMOUNT OF A RESOURCE REMAINING IN DISCOVERED DEPOSITS

29
Q

RECYCLING

A

THE SEPARATION, COLLECTION, PROCESSING, MARKETING, AND REUSE OF UNWANTED MATERIAL

30
Q

REMANUFACTURING

A

THE REBUILDING OF A PRODUCT TO A SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ORIGINAL MANUFACTURED PRODUCT USING A COMBINATION OF REUSED, REPAIRED MATERIALS AND NEW PARTS

31
Q

RIGHT-TO-WORK LAW

A

A U.S. LAW THAT PREVENTS A UNION AND A COMPANY FROM NEGOTIATING A CONTRACT THAT REQUIRES WORKERS TO JOIN THE UNION AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT

32
Q

SANITARY LANDFILL

A

A PLACE TO DEPOSIT SOLID WASTE, WHERE A LAYER OF EARTH IS BULLDOZED OVER GARBAGE EACH DAY TO REDUCE EMISSIONS OF GASES AND ODORS FROM THE DECAYING TRASH, TO MINIMIZE FIRES, AND TO DISCOURAGE VERMIN

33
Q

SITE FACTORS

A

LOCATION FACTORS RELATED TO THE COSTS OF FACTORS OF PRODUCTION INSIDE A PLANT, SUCH AS LAND, LABOR, AND CAPITAL

34
Q

SITUATION FACTORS

A

LOCATION FACTORS RELATED TO THE TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS INTO AND FROM A FACTORY

35
Q

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

A

AN APPROACH TYPICAL OF TRADITIONAL MASS PRODUCTION IN WHICH A COMPANY CONTROLS ALL PHASES OF A HIGHLY COMPLEX PRODUCTION PROCESS

AP Human Geography (8 decks)

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