Culture Unit (Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7) Flashcards

1
Q

ACCULTURATION

A

THE PROCESS OF ADJUSTMENT TO THE DOMINANT CULTURE WHILE ALSO RETAINING ONE’S CULTURE

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2
Q

ASSIMILATION

A

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A GROUP’S CULTURAL FEATURES ARE ALTERED TO RESEMBLE A MORE DOMINANT GROUP’S CULTURAL FEATURES OR A GROUP’S CULTURAL FEATURES ARE REMOVED AND THE CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE MORE DOMINANT GROUP ARE ADOPTED

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3
Q

CUSTOM

A

REPETITIVE ACT PERFORMED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE - THIS REPETITIVE ACT WILL BECOME A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE GROUP

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4
Q

FOLK CULTURE

A

CULTURE TRADITIONALLY PRACTICED BY A SMALL, HOMOGENOUS, RURAL, AND ISOLATED GROUP

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5
Q

HABIT

A

REPETITIVE ACT PERFORMED BY AN INDIVIDUAL

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6
Q

POPULAR CULTURE

A

CULTURE THAT IS PRACTICED BY A LARGE, HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE COMMON HABITS DESPITE DIFFERENCES IN OTHER PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

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7
Q

TABOO

A

A RESTRICTION ON BEHAVIORS (EX: WHAT FOOD TO EAT) IMPOSED BY SOCIAL CUSTOM

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8
Q

TERROIR

A

THE CONTRIBUTION OF A LOCATION’S DISTINCTIVE PHYSICAL FEATURES TO THE WAY FOOD TASTES

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9
Q

CREOLE LANGUAGE

A

A LANGUAGE THAT RESULTS FROM MIXING A COLONIZER’S LANGUAGE WITH THE LANGUAGE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE BEING COLONIZED

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10
Q

DENGLISH

A

A COMBINATION OF DEUTSCH (THE GERMAN WORD FOR GERMAN) AND ENGLISH

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11
Q

DEVELOPING LANGUAGE

A

A LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN DAILY USE WITH A LITERARY TRADITION THAT IS NOT WIDELY DISTRIBUTED

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12
Q

DIALECT

A

A VARIATION OF VOCABULARY, SPELLING, AND PRONUNCIATION THAT IS USED TO DISTINGUISH A REGION

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13
Q

EBONICS

A

A DIALECT SPOKEN BY SOME AFRICAN AMERICANS

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14
Q

EXTINCT LANGUAGE

A

A LANGUAGE THAT WAS ONCE USED DAILY BY PEOPLE BUT IS NO LONGER USED

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15
Q

FRANGLAIS

A

A COMBINATION OF FRANCIS (THE FRENCH WORD FOR FRENCH) AND ENGLISH

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16
Q

INSTITUTIONAL LANGUAGE

A

A LANGUAGE USED IN EDUCATION, WORK, MASS MEDIA, AND GOVERNMENT

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17
Q

ISOGLOSS

A

GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY WITH A PARTICULAR LANGUAGE

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18
Q

ISOLATED LANGUAGE

A

A LANGUAGE THAT HAS NO KNOWN LANGUAGE FAMILY (UNRELATED TO ANY FAMILY TREE) AND IS NOT RELATED TO ANY LIVING LANGUAGE

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19
Q

LANGUAGE

A

A SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE USE OF SPEECH (A COLLECTION OF SOUNDS UNDERSTOOD BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE TO HAVE THE SAME MEANING)

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20
Q

LANGUAGE BRANCH

A

A COLLECTION OF LANGUAGES RELATED THROUGH A COMMON ANCESTOR THAT CAN BE CONFIRMED THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

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21
Q

LANGUAGE FAMILY

A

A COLLECTION OF LANGUAGES RELATED TO EACH OTHER THROUGH A COMMON ANCESTOR LONG BEFORE RECORDED HISTORY

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22
Q

LANGUAGE GROUP

A

A COLLECTION OF LANGUAGES WITHIN A BRANCH THAT SHARE A COMMON ORIGIN IN THE RELATIVELY RECENT PAST AND DISPLAY RELATIVELY FEW DIFFERENCES IN GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

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23
Q

LINGUA FRANCA

A

A LANGUAGE THAT IS USED FOR PURPOSES OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND OR TRADE/USED BY PEOPLE WHO HAVE DIFFERENT NATIVE LANGUAGES/OFTEN LEARNED AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

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24
Q

LITERARY TRADITION

A

A LANGUAGE THAT IS WRITTEN AS WELL AS SPOKEN

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25
LOGOGRAM
A SYMBOL THAT REPRESENTS A WORD RATHER THAN A SOUND
26
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
THE LANGUAGE ADOPTED BY A GOVERNMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS AND PUBLICATION OF DOCUMENTS
27
PIDGIN LANGUAGE
A FORM OF SPEECH THAT ADOPTS A SIMPLIFIED GRAMMAR AND LIMITED VOCABULARY OF A LINGUA FRANCE/USED FOR COMMUNICATIONS AMONG SPEAKERS OF TWO DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
28
RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION (RP)
REFERS TO A MORE FORMAL FORM OF BRITISH ENGLISH/AN ENGLISH DIALECT ASSOCIATED TO BE SPOKEN BY THE UPPER-CLASS POPULATION
29
SPANGLISH
A COMBINATION OF SPANISH AND ENGLISH SPOKEN BY HISPANIC AMERICANS
30
STANDARD LANGUAGE
THE FORM OF A LANGUAGE USED FOR OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT BUSINESS, EDUCATION, AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS
31
SUBDIALECT
A SUBDIVISION OF A DIALECT
32
VIGOROUS LANGUAGE
A LANGUAGE THAT IS SPOKEN IN DAILY USE BUT HAS NO LITERARY TRADITION
33
VULGAR LATIN
A FORM OF LATIN USED DAILY BY ANCIENT ROMANS, AS OPPOSED TO THE STANDARD DIALECT USED FOR OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
34
AGNOSTICISM
THE BELIEF THAT THE EXISTENCE OF GOD CAN'T BE SCIENTIFICALLY/EMPIRICALLY PROVEN
35
ANIMISM
THE BELIEF THAT OBJECTS OR NATURAL EVENTS HAVE DISCRETE SPIRIT AND CONSCIOUS LIFE
36
ATHEISM
THE BELIEF THAT GOD DOES NOT EXIST
37
AUTONOMOUS RELIGION
A RELIGION THAT DOES NOT HAVE A CENTRAL AUTHORITY BUT SHARES IDEAS AND COOPERATES INFORMALLY
38
BRANCH
A LARGE FUNDAMENTAL DIVISION OF A RELIGION
39
CASTE
THE CLASS OF DISTINCT HEREDITARY ORDER INTO WHICH A HINDU IS ASSIGNED (ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS LAW)
40
CONGREGATION
A LOCAL ASSEMBLY OF PEOPLE BROUGHT TOGETHER FOR COMMON RELIGIOUS WORSHIP
41
COSMOGONY
A SET OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS REGARDING THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
42
DENOMINATION
DIVISION OF A BRANCH THAT UNITES SEVERAL CONGREGATIONS INTO A SINGLE LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODY
43
ETHNIC RELIGION
A RELIGION WITH A RELATIVELY CONCENTRATED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION (SINCE IT TYPICALLY ONLY APPEALS TO PEOPLE LIVING IN A SPECIFIC LOCATION) WHOSE PRINCIPLES ARE LIKELY TO BE BASED ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICULAR LOCATION IN WHICH ITS ADHERENTS ARE CONCENTRATED
44
FUNDAMENTALISM
LITERAL INTERPRETATION AND STRICT ADHERENCE TO BASIC PRINCIPLES OF A RELIGION
45
GHETTO
DURING THE MIDDLE AGES - A NEIGHBORHOOD SET UP BY THE GOVERNMENT TO BE INHABITED ONLY BY JEWS/NOW- USED TO DENOTE A SECTION OF A CITY IN WHICH MEMBERS OF ANY MINORITY GROUP LIVE BECAUSE OF SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE
46
HIERARCHICAL RELIGION
A RELIGION IN WHICH A CENTRAL AUTHORITY EXERCISES A HIGH DEGREE OF CONTROL
47
MISSIONARY
AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HELPS TO DIFFUSE A UNIVERSALIZING RELIGION
48
MONOTHEISM
THE BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE OF ONLY ONE GOD
49
PILGRIMAGE
A JOURNEY TO A PLACE CONSIDERED SACRED FOR RELIGIOUS PURPOSES
50
POLYTHEISM
THE BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE OF MORE THAN ONE GOD
51
SOLSTICE
AN ASTRONOMICAL EVENT THAT OCCURS TWICE EACH YEAR - WHEN THE TILT OF EARTH'S AXIS IS MOST INCLINED TOWARD OR AWAY FROM THE SUN, AFFECTING THE MOST NORTHERNMOST OR SOUTHERNMOST PART OF EARTH'S SURFACE AND RESULTING IN THE SHORTEST DAY AND LONGEST DAYS OF THE YEAR
52
SYNCRETIC
COMBINING SEVERAL RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS
53
UNIVERSALIZING RELIGION
A RELIGION THAT APPEALS TO ALL PEOPLE, NOT JUST THOSE LIVING IN A PARTICULAR LOCATION
54
APARTHEID
LAWS (NO LONGER IN EFFECT) IN SOUTH AFRICA THAT PHYSICALLY SEPARATED DIFFERENT RACES INTO DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
55
BALKANIZATION
A PROCESS BY WHICH A STATE BREAKS DOWN THROUGH CONFLICTS AMONG ITS ETHNICITIES
56
BALKANIZED
A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC AREA THAT CAN NOT SUCCESSFULLY BE ORGANIZED INTO STABLE COUNTRIES BECAUSE IT IS INHABITED BY MANY ETHNICITIES WITH COMPLEX, LONG-STANDING HATRED TOWARD EACH OTHER
57
BLOCKBUSTING
A PROCESS BY WHICH REAL ESTATE AGENTS CONVINCE WHITE PROPERTY OWNERS TO SELL THEIR HOUSES AT LOW PRICES BECAUSE OF FEAR THAT PERSONS OF COLOR WILL SOON MOVE INTO THE NEIGHBORHOOD
58
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
AN ATTITUDE THAT TENDS TO UNIFY PEOPLE AND ENHANCE SUPPORT FOR A STATE
59
ETHNIC CLEANSING
A PURPOSEFUL POLICY DESIGNED BY ONE ETHNIC/RELIGIOUS GROUP TO REMOVE THE CIVILIAN POPULATION OF ANOTHER ETHNIC OR RELIGIOUS GROUP FROM CERTAIN GEOGRAPHIC AREA (BY VIOLENT AND TERROR-INSPIRING MEANS)
60
ETHNIC ENCLAVE
A PLACE WITH A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF AN ETHNIC GROUP THAT IS DISTINCT FROM THOSE IN SURROUNDING AREA
61
ETHNOBURB
A SUBURBAN AREA WITH A CLUSTER OF A PARTICULAR ETHNIC POPULATION
62
GENOCIDE
THE MASS KILLING OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN AN ATTEMPT TO ELIMINATE THE ENTIRE GROUP FROM EXISTENCE
63
NATIONALISM
LOYALTY ABD DEVOTION TO A PARTICULAR NATIONALITY
64
NATIONALITY
IDENTITY WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE LEGAL ATTACHMENT TO A PARTICULAR COUNTRY
65
RACE
IDENTITY WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO ARE PERCEIVED TO SHARE A PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAIT (EX: SKIN COLOR)
66
RACISM
THE BELIEF THAT RACE IS THE PRIMARY DETERMINANT OF HUMAN TRAITS AND CAPACITIES AND THAT RACIAL DIFFERENCES PRODUCE AND INHERENT SUPERIORITY OF A PARTICULAR RACE
67
RACIST
A PERSON WHO SUBSCRIBES TO THE BELIEFS OF RACISM
68
SHARECROPPER
A PERSON WHO WORKS FIELDS RENTED FROM A LANDOWNER AND PAYS THE RENT REPAYS LOANS BY TURNING OVER TO THE LANDOWNER A SHARE OF CROPS
69
TRIANGULAR SLAVE TRADE
A PRACTICE, PRIMARILY DURING THE 18TH CENTURY, IN WHICH EUROPEAN SHIPS TRANSPORTED SLAVES FROM AFRICA TO CARRIBEAN ISLANDS, MOLASSES FROM THE CARRIBEAN TO EUROPE, AND TRADE GOODS FROM EUROPE TO AFRICA
70
CULTURAL TRAIT
AN ELEMENT OF A CULTURE
71
CULTURAL COMPLEX
A UNIQUE COMBINATION OF CULTURAL TRAITS FOR A PARTICULAR CULTURE GROUP
72
CULTURE REALM
A CLUSTER OF REGIONS WHERE A RELATED CULTURAL SYSTEMS PREVAIL
73
CULTURE REGION
A REGION WITHIN WHICH COMMON CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS PREVAIL
74
CULTURE SYSTEM
COLLECTION OF CULTURE COMPLEXES THAT SHAPE A GROUP'S IDENTITY
75
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE
THEORY THAT ALL GROUPS THAT INHABITED A PLACE LEFT AN IMPRINT ON THE PLACE
76
COMMODIFICATION
THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH SOMETHING IS GIVEN MONETARY VALUE
77
ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
HOW CULTURE USES ITS SURROUNDINGS