Food and Agriculture (Chapter 9)

Question 1

AGRIBUSINESS

Answer 1

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT STEPS IN THE FOOD-PROCESSING INDUSTRY, USUALLY THROUGH OWNERSHIP BY LARGE CORPORATIONS

Question 2

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Answer 2

THE TIME WHEN HUMAN BEINGS FIRST DOMESTICATED PLANTS AND ANIMALS AND NO LONGER RELIED ENTIRELY ON HUNTING AND GATHERING

Question 3

AGRICULTURE

Answer 3

THE DELIBERATE EFFORT TO MODIFY A PORTION OF EARTH’S SURFACE THROUGH THE CULTIVATION OF CROPS AND THE RAISING OF LIVESTOCK FOR SUSTENANCE OR ECONOMIC GAIN

Question 4

AQUACULTURE/AQUAFARMING

Answer 4

THE CULTIVATION OF SEAFOOD UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

Question 5

CEREAL GRAIN

Answer 5

A GRASS THAT YIELDS GRAIN FOR FOOD

Question 6

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE

Answer 6

AGRICULTURE UNDERTAKEN PRIMARILY TO GENERATE PRODUCTS FOR SALE OFF THE FARM, COMMON IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Question 7

CROP

Answer 7

ANY PLANT GATHERED FROM A FIELD AS A HARVEST DURING A PARTICULAR SEASON

Question 8

CROP ROTATION

Answer 8

THE PRACTICE OF ROTATING USE OF DIFFERENT FIELDS FROM CROP TO CROP EACH YEAR TO AVOID EXHAUSTING THE SOIL

Question 9

DAIRY FARM

Answer 9

A FORM OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE THAT SPECIALIZES IN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK AND OTHER DAIRY PRODUCTS

Question 10

DESERTIFICATION/SEMIARID LAND DEGRADATION

Answer 10

DEGRADATION OF LAND, ESPECIALLY IN SEMIARID AREAS, PRIMARILY BECAUSE OF HUMAN ACTIONS SUCH AS EXCESSIVE CROP PLANTING, ANIMAL GRAZING, AND TREE CUTTING

Question 11

DIETARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Answer 11

THE AMOUNT OF FOOD THAT AN INDIVIDUAL CONSUMES, MEASURED IN KILOCALORIES (CALORIES IN THE UNITED STATES)

Question 12

DOUBLE CROPPING

Answer 12

HARVESTING TWICE A YEAR FROM THE SAME FIELD

Question 13

FISHING

Answer 13

THE CAPTURE OF WILD FISH AND OTHER SEAFOOD LIVING IN THE WATERS

Question 14

FOOD SECURITY

Answer 14

PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC ACCESS AT ALL TIMES TO SAFE AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD SUFFICIENT TO MEET DIETARY NEEDS AND FOOD PREFERENCES FOR AN ACTIVE AND HEALTHY LIFE

Question 15

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO)

Answer 15

A LIVING ORGANISM THAT POSSESSES A NOVEL COMBINATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Question 16

GRAIN

Answer 16

SEED OF A CEREAL GRASS

Question 17

GREEN REVOLUTION

Answer 17

RAPID DIFFUSION OF NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY ESPECIALLY NEW HIGH YIELD SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS

Question 18

HORTICULTURE

Answer 18

THE GROWING OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND FLOWERS

Question 19

INTENSIVE SUBSITENCE AGRICULTURE

Answer 19

A FORM OF SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, A CHARACTERISTIC OF ASIA’S MAJOR POPULATION CONCENTRATIONS IN WHICH FARMERS MUST EXPEND A RELATIVELY LARGE AMOUNT OF EFFORT TO PRODUCE THE MAXIMUM FEASIBLE YIELD FROM A PARCEL OF LAND (-)

Question 20

MILKSHED

Answer 20

THE AREA SURROUNDING A CITY FROM WHICH MILK CAN BE SUPPLIED WITHOUT SPOILING

Question 21

MIXED CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARMING

Answer 21

COMMERCIAL FARMING CHARACTERIZED BY INTEGRATION OF CROPS AND LIVESTOCK; MOST OF THE CROPS ARE FED TO ANIMALS RATHER THAN CONSUMED DIRECTLY BY HUMANS

Question 22

NO TILLAGE

Answer 22

A FARMING PRACTICE THAT LEAVES ALL OF THE SOIL UNDISTURBED AND THE ENTIRE RESIDUE OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR’ HARVEST LEFT UNTOUCHED ON THE FIELDS

Question 23

OVERFISHING

Answer 23

CAPTURING FISH FASTER THAN THEY CAN REPRODUCE

Question 24

PADDY

Answer 24

THE MALAY WORD FOR WET RICE, INCREASINGLY USED TO DESCRIBE A FLOODED FIELD

Question 25

PASTORAL NOMADISM

Answer 25

A FORM OF SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE BASED ON HERDING DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

Question 26

PLANTATION

Answer 26

A LARGE FARM IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES THAT SPECIALIZES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ONE OR TWO CROPS FOR SALE, USUALLY TO A MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRY

Question 27

PRIME AGRICULTURAL LAND

Answer 27

THE MOST PRODUCTIVE FARMLAND

Question 28

RANCHING

Answer 28

A FORM OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE IN WHICH LIVESTOCK GRAZE OVER AN EXTENSIVE AREA

Question 29

RIDGE TILLAGE

Answer 29

A SYSTEM OF PLANTING CROPS ON RIDGE TOPS IN ORDER TO REDUCE FARM PRODUCTION COSTS AND PROMOTE GREATER SOIL CONSERVATION

Question 30

SAWAH

Answer 30

A FLOODED FIELD FOR GROWING RICE

Question 31

SHIFTING CULTIVATION/SLASH-AND-BURN METHOD

Answer 31

A FORM OF SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE IN WHICH PEOPLE SHIFT ACTIVITY FROM ONE FIELD TO ANOTHER; EACH FIELD IS USED FOR CROPS FOR A RELATIVELY FEW YEARS AND LEFT FALLOW FOR A RELATIVELY LONG PERIOD, ALSO CALLED SLASH-AND-BURN AGRICULTURE BECAUSE FIELDS ARE CLEARED BY SLASHING VEGETATION AND BURNING THE DEBRIS

Question 32

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

Answer 32

AGRICULTURE DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO PROVIDE FOOD FOR DIRECT CONSUMPTION BY THE FARMER AND THE FARMER’S FAMILY

Question 33

SWIDDEN

Answer 33

A PATCH OF LAND CLEARED FOR PLATING THROUGH SLASHING AND BURNING/SHIFTING CULTIVATION

Question 34

TRANSHUMANCE

Answer 34

THE SEASONAL MIGRATION OF LIVESTOCK BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND LOWLAND PASTURES

Question 35

TRUCK FARMING

Answer 35

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE AND FRUIT FARMING, SO NAMED FOR THE MIDDLE ENGLISH WORD “TRUCK”, MEANING “BARTER” OR “EXCHANGE OF COMMODITIES”

Question 36

UNDERNOURISHMENT

Answer 36

DIETARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION THAT IS CONTINUOUSLY BELOW THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR MAINTAINING A HEALTHY LIFE AND CARRYING OUT LIGHT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Question 37

WETRICE

Answer 37

RICE PLANTED ON DRY LAND INA NURSERY AND THEN MOVED TO A DELIBERATELY FLOODED FIELD TO PROMOTE GROWTH