Industry and Agriculture under Lenin Flashcards
1
Q
What were the 4 phases of industry and agriculture?
A
- Workers control
- State capitalism
- War communism
- NEP
2
Q
Workers/peasant control (1)
A
- Initial decrees: land, workers control
- Ideological, gained peasant/worker support
- Problems: less expertise and leadership in factories, less efficient/productive. Needed factories to produce more in civil war
3
Q
State capitalism (2)
A
- 1918
- Major industries remained in private hands but under state control
- Allowed the economy to recover: the expertise that was needed
- Backtracked on communism within a year (pragmatic solution)
- Unpopular
4
Q
War communism (3)
A
- Mid 1918
- Nationalisation of all industries
- Forced grain requisitioning to supply cities/armed forces
- Justified by the civil war
-No incentive: all workers receive the same amount of goods
5
Q
What was the NEP? (4)
A
- Introduced 1921
- Result of Peasants war against communist requisitioning and Kronstadt mutiny: ‘to rescue the soviets from communist party control’ (1921 party congress)
- Political clampdown (no factions)
- More economic freedom (sell food in markets etc)
6
Q
How many died in the great famine? (4)
A
5 million
7
Q
What were the causes of the great famine? (4)
A
Drought (especially in Ukraine), years of war and grain requisitioning
8
Q
What were the Russian people forced to eat during the great famine? (4)
A
- Weeds
- Bark
- Acorns
- Human flesh
9
Q
Why was NEP introduced? (4)
A
- Economic reasons: workers might work harder with incentive
- Unpopularity of war communism: wanted to regain support from people of Russia
- Tambov rising and Kronstadt munity
10
Q
What was tax in kind?
A
- Peasants could buy/sell/produce freely
- Replaced grain requisitioning
- Producers pay gov a proportion of what they make, rather than paying in money (due to inflation/low value of cash)
11
Q
What was a mixed economy?
A
- NEP ended war communism
- Capitalist and socialist elements
- Some state control, some economic freedom (private profit)
12
Q
What was profiteering?
A
- Making money through illegal trade
- Should only make profit if you’ve made the product, not selling it on
13
Q
What was the industrial growth?
A
- Levels of production under the Tsar 1913-1917 and war communism 1918-1921 were decreasing
- Increased when NEP was introduced
- 1926-1928 industrial economy plateaued as taxing peasants failed to provide the money necessary to build new large-scale factories
14
Q
When was the scissors crisis?
A
Mid 1922-1923
15
Q
What was the scissors crisis?
A
- Triggered by NEP
- Food prices fell, shortages in industrial/manufactured goods caused it
- On a graph looks like open pair of scissors
