Industrialisation Flashcards
1
Q
What were the aims of industrialisation?
A
- Modernisation: catch up with West
- Growth in heavy industry (coal/iron/steel)
- Self sufficiency
- Targets set by Gosplan
- 5 plans from 1928-54
2
Q
What was the Gosplan?
A
- Gov body responsible for economic planning
- Set overall targets for an industry which were then passed down through the hierarchy
3
Q
How much did coal increase 1928-41?
A
36 mil 1928 - 150 mil 1937-41
4
Q
How much did oil increase 1928-33?
A
1.7 mil 1928 - 22 mil 1928-33
5
Q
What happened to oil 1933-41?
A
Targets were not met, real figures were significantly lower than expected
6
Q
Did steel increase 1928-41?
A
Consistently met targets, but growth was slow
7
Q
Human costs
A
- Long shifts/low pay
- Wages docked for failure to meet targets
- Later workers could lose house/rations
- Labour books recorded jobs/comments by employers
- Secret Police monitored criticisms
- Trials of ‘Saboteurs’: punishment gulags or execution
8
Q
Dnieprostroy Hydroelectric Plant Dam
A
- 1934
- 558 thousand KW energy
- Example of infrastructure being part of Stalin’s policies
9
Q
Moscow Metro
A
- Opened 1935
- Over 10,000 workers
- Designed to celebrate USSR’s dictatorship, showcase communism’s success
10
Q
Magnitokorsk
A
- World’s 1st completely planned city
- 1 mil workers
- Kulaks sent there to produce iron/steel, many froze to death
11
Q
White Sea Canal Project
A
- 170,00 workers, 25,000 died (mostly slave labour)
- Poorly built, wasn’t useful as not deep enough
12
Q
How much of gov spending was on rearmament 1940?
A
1/3
13
Q
How many military losses were there?
A
7.5 mil
14
Q
How many civilian deaths were there?
A
8-14 mil
