Industry Flashcards
Lenin
~ Decree on Workers’ control; places factories in hands of workers, 8hr max working day? Minimum wage
~ War Comm all indst nationalised w/out compensation under Vesenkha
~ NEP returner small scale industry to private hands but gvmnt retain control over commanding heights (heavy indst, banks, transport)
~ in state owned factories piecework and bonuses intro to inc prod
1924 industrial productivity ➡️ % of 1913
45%
Most of pre war econ restored by …
1926
Stalin’s aims
~ needed to catch up with other countries esp west
~ aimed to modernise econ
~ remove class enemies
~ prepare for invasion
1st FYP focus
~ Heavy industry (coal, steel , iron)
~ Quantity over quality (unrealistic targets) ⤵️
Stalingrad tractor factory 1930 most broke in 2-3 days
~ production of textiles declined
2nd and 3rd FYPs
~ more use of expertise
~ new industry centres started production
~ 3rd ➡️ defence , better distribution of industry, Kazakhstan, east of Urals, machinery over fulfilled but metal less successful?
Steel growth rate 1928-41
X4
Coal growth rate 1928-41
X6
Steel production over War
Fell 6m tonnes
Oil production over War
Fell by 1/3
Khrushchev
~ issues of bureaucracy and an unresponsive system
~ 1957 105 regional econ councils *
~ factory managers keep 40% of profit to invest and encourage more initiative
~ 40% of investment east of urals
~ poor quality goods (esp shoes)
~ RECs made planning more difficult as they couldn’t foresee
~ Gosplan had no influence but more work
~ 1962 party divide added to confusion
~ 1964 consumer goods spending reduced and housing progress cut back
7YP
Discovery of new resources ➡️ shift from coal to oil and gas
1958-65 synthetic fibre production
5x increase
1959s annual growth rate
7.1%
Brezhnev
~ abolishes RECs
1965 Kosygin reforms
Gave managers incentives to use resources more productively
Central planning to take more account of cost and profit
Reforms watered down implemented by unenthusiastic officials
Bonuses for output higher than bonuses for innovation
