Industry

Question 1

Lenin

Answer 1

~ Decree on Workers’ control; places factories in hands of workers, 8hr max working day? Minimum wage
~ War Comm all indst nationalised w/out compensation under Vesenkha
~ NEP returner small scale industry to private hands but gvmnt retain control over commanding heights (heavy indst, banks, transport)
~ in state owned factories piecework and bonuses intro to inc prod

Question 2

1924 industrial productivity ➡️ % of 1913

Answer 2

45%

Question 3

Most of pre war econ restored by …

Answer 3

1926

Question 4

Stalin’s aims

Answer 4

~ needed to catch up with other countries esp west
~ aimed to modernise econ
~ remove class enemies
~ prepare for invasion

Question 5

1st FYP focus

Answer 5

~ Heavy industry (coal, steel , iron)
~ Quantity over quality (unrealistic targets) ⤵️
Stalingrad tractor factory 1930 most broke in 2-3 days
~ production of textiles declined

Question 6

2nd and 3rd FYPs

Answer 6

~ more use of expertise
~ new industry centres started production
~ 3rd ➡️ defence , better distribution of industry, Kazakhstan, east of Urals, machinery over fulfilled but metal less successful?

Question 7

Steel growth rate 1928-41

Answer 7

X4

Question 8

Coal growth rate 1928-41

Answer 8

X6

Question 9

Steel production over War

Answer 9

Fell 6m tonnes

Question 10

Oil production over War

Answer 10

Fell by 1/3

Question 11

Khrushchev

Answer 11

~ issues of bureaucracy and an unresponsive system
~ 1957 105 regional econ councils *
~ factory managers keep 40% of profit to invest and encourage more initiative
~ 40% of investment east of urals
~ poor quality goods (esp shoes)
~ RECs made planning more difficult as they couldn’t foresee
~ Gosplan had no influence but more work
~ 1962 party divide added to confusion
~ 1964 consumer goods spending reduced and housing progress cut back

Question 12

7YP

Answer 12

Discovery of new resources ➡️ shift from coal to oil and gas

Question 13

1958-65 synthetic fibre production

Answer 13

5x increase

Question 14

1959s annual growth rate

Answer 14

7.1%

Question 15

Brezhnev

Answer 15

~ abolishes RECs

Question 16

1965 Kosygin reforms

Answer 16

Gave managers incentives to use resources more productively
Central planning to take more account of cost and profit
Reforms watered down implemented by unenthusiastic officials
Bonuses for output higher than bonuses for innovation