Agriculture

Question 1

Lenin

Answer 1

~ October 1917 Land Decree abolished private ownership, vague but pleased peasantry gave them control over land they owned and worked
~ War communism forcible req of good, grain seizure by 150k Bolsh volunteers
~ NEP end of requisitioning, replaces by tax, peasants can sell surplus for profit, no forced collectivisation, Mirs of village elders regulated farming

Question 2

Stalin

Answer 2

~ feed industry; mechanisation frees up workers; economy of scale
~ control of rural areas; 1928 party officials gave presentations in villages until enough ppl signed up then seized buildings, live stock, grain and supplies; violent uprisings especially in Ukraine (burnt farms, slaughtered animals)
~ dekulakisation squads
~ red army
~ deportation to labour camps
~ collectives allowed some livestock and private plots
~ war time gmvnt gave some concessions to peasants, if state targets met surplus could be sold for profit
~ larger collectives for greater economies of scale / easier management

Question 3

% farms collectivised by 1932

Answer 3

62%

Question 4

% farms collectivised in 1937

Answer 4

93%

Question 5

Grain production decrease 1927-32

Answer 5

Decreased by 7 million tonnes

Question 6

Cattle halved between …

Answer 6

1928&1933

Question 7

Grain production over the war

Answer 7

Fell by 2/3

Question 8

Collectives by 1952

Answer 8

100k

Question 9

Food production 1953-8

Answer 9

Increased by 51%

Question 10

% investment agricultural in 1976

Answer 10

26%

Question 11

Private production under Brezhnev

Answer 11

Took up 1% of cultivated area but ➡️ 25% of production

Question 12

Khrushchev

Answer 12

~1955 collectives given greater decision making power at local level
~ MTS abolishes, collectives expected to buy own machinery
~ agrogoroda caused rapid increase in mechanisation & irrigation
~ planned purchases instead of state seizure
~ VLS 1954 6m acres of land (too dry, crops die)
~ maze mania cash crops, no irrigation
~ USSR has to import grain
~ livestock can’t be fed so ded
~ investment didn’t fix the damage caused by years of underinvestment
~ low productivity

Question 13

Brezhnev

Answer 13

~ decentralising schemes reversed and power returned to ministry of agri
~VLS dropped
~ decline in productivity
~ shortage in shops compensated by private production
~ brigade system feared return to family farming
~ US wheat still imported