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Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of primary industries?

A

Acquiring raw materials, aka extractive production

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2
Q

What are some examples of primary industries?

A

Mining, sapping, fishing, farming

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3
Q

What is the purpose of secondary industries?

A

Converting raw materials into components

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4
Q

What are some examples of secondary industries?

A

Making plastic from oil, assembling roads, building houses and bridges

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5
Q

What is the purpose of tertiary industries?

A

Commercial services that support the production process

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6
Q

What are some examples of tertiary industries?

A

Insurance, transport, advertising, teaching, warehousing, health care

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7
Q

What is the purpose of quaternary industries?

A

Consists of intellectual activities

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8
Q

What are some examples of quaternary industries?

A

Government, culture, libraries, education, technology (high tech developments)

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9
Q

What is intensive farming?

A

In densely populated areas where the land value is high, small farms, lots of workers needed

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10
Q

What do intensive farms produce?

A

Veggies, dairy, poultry - perishables that need to be marketed quickly

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11
Q

What do extensive farms produce?

A

Grains, cattle - crops and animals

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12
Q

What is extensive farming?

A

In less dense areas where lots of land is available for low prices, mechanized

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13
Q

What are some factors affecting farm type?

A

Money, climate, labour, market, land

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14
Q

What are some economic factors affecting farm type

A

Cost of land, proximity to market, competition

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15
Q

Problems and solutions with the farming industry?

A

Growing season too short/cool = grow a crop with shorter growing season, start seedlings in a greenhouse

Insufficient moisture = use growing methods that preserve moisture, develop crops that need less water

Excess of harmful insects = use chemical insecticides, introduce predator insects

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16
Q

What are non-commercial forests?

A

Trees that are unlikely to be harvested, usually in the north

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17
Q

What are the non-commercial forest regions?

A

Arctic, Praries

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18
Q

What are the commercial forest regions?

A

Boreal, Taiga, West Coast, Montane, Mixed Forest

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19
Q

What are commercial forests?

A

Trees that can be harvested, usually in southern temperatures and precipitation levels

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20
Q

What are hardwood forests and what % of forests?

A

12% of forests - with deciduous trees

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21
Q

What are mixed forests and what % of forests?

A

22% of forests - with deciduous AND coniferous

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22
Q

What are softwood forests and what % of forests?

A

66% of forests, with coniferous trees

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23
Q

What are coniferous trees?

A

Cone-bearing trees with needle leaves (pine, fir, spruce)

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24
Q

What are deciduous trees?

A

Trees who lose their leaves every year (poplar, maple, birch)

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25
Q

What are the methods for cutting down trees?

A

Clear-cutting
Shelterwood logging
Selective cutting

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26
Q

Some problems of the forestry industry?

A

Forest fires, destruction of wildlife, too few trees are replanted

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27
Q

What are the types of fish?

A

Pelagic, groundfish, shellfish

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28
Q

What are pelagic fish? Give some examples

A

Fish that feed and are caught near the surface (salmon, herring, tuna, mackerel)

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29
Q

What are groundfish? Give some examples

A

Fish that feed and are caught near the ocean floor (cof, halibut)

30
Q

What are shellfish? Give some exampls

A

Molluscs and crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, oyster, mussel)

31
Q

What are the methods to catching fire?

A

Purse siene, stern otter trawl, gill net

32
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The production of fish and other marine products on fish farms

33
Q

What is inshore fishing?

A

Commercial fishing that takes place within a few km of the shoreline. Small fishing boats go out to sea and return to shore each day

34
Q

What is offshore fishing?

A

Commercial fishing done from boats longer than 25m. The boats stay at sea several days before returning to shore with their catch

35
Q

Why did the East Coast Fishery collapse?

A

Overfishing, improved fishing technology, uncontrolled foreign fishing, destructive fishing practices, changes in natural conditions

36
Q

Why was the East Coast Fishery so treasured?

A

Plankton is abundant there and therefore so is the fish

37
Q

Why was the West Coast Fishery so treasured?

A

Lots of salmon

38
Q

Why did the West Coast Fishery collapse?

A

Overfishing, changes in the environment, lack of a salmon fish treaty

39
Q

What are some issues the West Coast Fishery is facing?

A
  1. Difficulty balancing salmon supply between comercial, sport, and aboriginal fishing
  2. The Aquaculture business is building - making it a lot harder for wild salmon catchers to earn a living
40
Q

What type of mineral is cobalt?

A

Metallic

41
Q

What type of mineral is diamond?

A

Industrial

42
Q

What type of mineral is coal?

A

Fossil Fuels

43
Q

What type of mineral is platinum?

A

Metallic

44
Q

What type of mineral is iron?

A

Metallic

45
Q

What type of mineral is lead?

A

Metallic

46
Q

What type of mineral is salt?

A

Industrial

47
Q

What type of mineral is sand?

A

Industrial

48
Q

What type of mineral is nickel?

A

Metallic

49
Q

What are the fossil fuel minerals?

A

Oil, coal, oil sands, natural gas

50
Q

What are the 3 methods of mining?

A

Strip mining, open pit mining, underground mining

51
Q

What is strip mining?

A

A method used to mine oil sands, coal, and other minerals located in horizontal layers near the surface

52
Q

What is open pit mining?

A

A method used to mine minerals that are found near the surface, but that can also mine minerals that are deep in the ground

53
Q

What is underground mining?

A

A method used to extract mineral ores located deep in the earth

54
Q

What is a mineral ore?

A

A naturally occurring solid substance in which minerals can be extracted

55
Q

Why is mining so important?

A

Canada is the biggest exporter of minerals

56
Q

What are some problems facing the mining industry?

A
  1. Negative effect on environment
  2. Staying competitive
  3. Abandoned mines are a source of pollution
57
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

Energy from a source that is not drained when used (solar, wind)

58
Q

What is nonrenewable energy?

A

Energy sources that exist in a limited amount on Earth (oil and gas)

59
Q

Pros of natural gas?

A
  • Burns efficiently
  • No waste
  • Emits less CO2 than coal and oil
60
Q

Cons of natural gas?

A
  • Nonrenewable
  • Emits C02
  • Explosive
61
Q

Pros of hydroelectricity?

A
  • Cheap, local
62
Q

Cons of hydroelectricity?

A
  • People and animals may need to move for construction of plant
  • May prevent fish from moving around due to location
63
Q

Pros of coal?

A
  • Cheap, plentiful
  • Easy to store
  • Easily converted to energy
64
Q

Cons of coal?

A
  • Nonrenewable
  • Expensive to transport
  • Emits CO2
65
Q

Pros of nuclear energy?

A
  • Plants don’t require much land

- Doesn’t produce greenhouse gases

66
Q

Cons of nuclear energy?

A
  • Nonrenewable

- Lots of waste

67
Q

Pros of oil?

A
  • Creates jobs for local economy

- No other energy source can make cars go so fast

68
Q

Cons of oil?

A
  • Nonrenewable
  • Expensive
  • Risky to transport oil
69
Q

Pros of thermoelectricity?

A
  • Limitless supply

- No products of combustion

70
Q

Cons of thermoelectricty?

A
  • Has to drill a lot into Earth’s crust for energy

- Sulfur and silica emissions

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