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Z > Geologic > Flashcards

Geologic Flashcards

1
Q

In ____, who proposed the idea of continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener, a german scientist, in 1912

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2
Q

Why did the other scientists reject/accept Alfred’s ideas at the time?

A

Alfred could not provide credible mechanism for the process of continental drift

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3
Q

When was Pangaea formed?

A

250 million years ago

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4
Q

What were Alfred’s 4 pieces of evidence?

A
  • Jigsaw fit
  • Glaciation
  • Fossils
  • Mountain chains
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5
Q

How is glaciation support the evidence of continental drift?

A

South America, South Africa, India, and Australia indicate they experienced glaciation at about the same time (glacial striations are left when boulders are dragged beneath glaciers; scratch surface, creating grooves). In their current positions, the striation point to continental glaciers originating in different locations. However, by aligning the continents, the striations point to 1 continental glacier at the pole

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6
Q

What is the Earth’s thickest layer?

A

Mantle

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7
Q

What is the Earth’s thinnest layer?

A

Crust

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8
Q

What elements are in the crust?

A

Granite + basalt

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9
Q

What elements are in the core?

A

Nickel + iron

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10
Q

Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

A

Outer layer

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11
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Crust + upper mantle, divided into tectonic plates that are solid

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12
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

Tectonic plates float on this hot, semi-liquid upper mantle, beneath lithosphere

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13
Q

What are the convection currents in the Earth caused by?

A

Hot material of lower mantle rising, cooling dropping, heating, etc.

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14
Q

When was the Precambrian era? What organisms were there?

A

4600 - 570 million years ago

Fossils + bacteria

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15
Q

When was the Paleozoic era? What organisms were there?

A

50 - 245 million years ago

Reptiles, fish, shells, amphilbians

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16
Q

When was the Mesozoic era? What organisms were there?

A

245 - 66 million years ago

Dinosaurs, ammonites

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17
Q

When was the Cenozoic era? What organisms were there?

A

66 - 0 million years ago

Neanderthals, mammals

18
Q

What can happen at convergent boundaries?

A

Subduction zones = volcanoes, tsunamis, earthquakes

Collision zones = mountains

19
Q

What can happen at divergent boundaries?

A

Seafloor spreading = mid-ocean ridge, new ocean floor

Rifts = New sea/ocean, new tectonic plate

20
Q

What can happen at transform boundaries?

A

Strike-slip fault = Earthquakes

21
Q

What are volcanoes?

A

Openings to Earth’s core

22
Q

What is pyroclastic flow?

A

Dense mass of hot ash, lava, gas from volcano @ high speeds

23
Q

What is lahar?

A

Flows of hot ash and mud

24
Q

What is a volcano bomb?

A

Large rocks hurled out as far as 5 miles from crator

25
Q

What is lava?

A

Magma at the surface

26
Q

What are the pros + cons of volcanoes?

A
  • Soil
  • Geothermal energy (heat from Earth)
  • Seismic activity that could damage stuff
  • DANGER!
27
Q

What are hot springs?

A

Remains of ancient active volcanoes

28
Q

What are the 3 types of volcanoes?

A

Cinder cone, composite, shield

29
Q

What type of volcano is Mexico’s Paracutin?

A

Cinder cone

30
Q

What type of volcano is Mt St. Helen’s?

A

Composite

31
Q

What type of volcano is Hawaii’s Kilauea?

A

Shield

32
Q

What type of volcano is Italy’s Mt Vesuvius?

A

Composite

33
Q

What type of volcano is Mt. Stromboli?

A

Composite

34
Q

What are 3 examples of igneous rock?

A

Granite, basalt, obsidian

35
Q

Igneous rock have ________ and _______

A

Gas bubbles + glassy surface

36
Q

What are 3 examples of sedimentary rock?

A

Shale, limestone, conglomerate

37
Q

What are 3 examples of metamorphic rock?

A 
Granite = GNEISS
Shale = SLATE
Limestone = MARBLE
38
Q

Sedimentary rock have ________ and _______ and ________

A

Sand + pebbles + fossils

39
Q

Metamorphic rock have _________ and ________

A

Crystals + ribbon-like layers

40
Q

What are the 5 processes of the rock cycle?

A 
Heat and pressure
Melting
Cooling
Weathering & erosion
Compacting & cementing

Z (14 decks)

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