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industry Flashcards

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1
Q

economic geography

A

a discipline that studies the impact of economic activities on the landscape and investigates reasons behind the locations of economic activities

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2
Q

industrialization

A

the process by which economic activities on the earth’s surface evolved from basic goods to using factories to mass produce goods

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3
Q

primary economic activity

A

directly extracts products from the earth

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4
Q

secondary economic activity

A

transforms raw materials into usable products

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5
Q

industrial revolution

A

began in england in the 18th century, started industrialization

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6
Q

economic development

A

the process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology, result of industrialization

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7
Q

primary sector (agriculture)

A

the part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment

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8
Q

secondary sector (industry)

A

the part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods

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9
Q

tertiary sector (services)

A

the part of the economy that involves services rather than goods

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10
Q

quaternary sector

A

subset of the tertiary sector- like management

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11
Q

more developed countries

A

those that have experienced industrialization

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12
Q

less developed countries

A

those that have not experienced industrialization

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13
Q

newly industrializing countries

A

those in between industrialization

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14
Q

compressed modernity

A

rapid economic and political change that transformed the country into a stable nation with democratizing political institutions, a growing economy, and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions

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15
Q

GDP/GDP per capita

A

the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country during a year

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16
Q

value added

A

subtracting the costs of raw materials and energy from the gross value of the product

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17
Q

modernization model

A

any country that wants its economy to grow should study the paths taken by modernization

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18
Q

dependency theory

A

this analysis puts the primary responsibility for global poverty on rich nations; industrialized nations exploit

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19
Q

capitalist world economy

A

a global economic system that is based in high-income nations with market economies

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20
Q

export-oriented industrialization

A

a strategy that seeks to directly integrate the country’s economy into the global economy by concentrating on economic production that can find a place in international markets

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21
Q

james watt

A

inventor of the steam engine

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22
Q

location theory

A

explains the locational pattern of economic activities by identifying factors that influence this pattern

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23
Q

primary industry

A

develops around the location of natural resources, such as the industrial belts in the British midlands

24
Q

secondary industry

A

less dependent on resource location; develops as transportation improves

25
Q

alfred weber

A

founder of least cost theory

26
Q

least cost theory

A

explains the location of industries based on transportation, labor and agglomeration

27
Q

agglomeration

A

when several industries cluster into one city

28
Q

deglomeration

A

exodus of business from a crowded area

29
Q

substitution principle

A

business owners can juggle expenses as long as they don’t all go up at once

30
Q

locational interdependence

A

influence on a firm’s locational decision by locations chosen by competitors

31
Q

variable revenue analysis

A

firm’s ability to capture a market that will earn it more customers and money than it’s competitors

32
Q

space-time compression

A

describes the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

33
Q

infrastructure

A

services that support economic activity

34
Q

bulk gaining industries

A

weight is gained, especially with products like soda that are mostly water; factory locations are usually determined by accessibility to market

35
Q

labor-intensive industries

A

industries dependent on lots of laborers

36
Q

footloose

A

neither resource or market oriented

37
Q

primary industrial regions

A

areas of the largets agglomeration of industry

38
Q

secondary industrial regions

A

somewhat less agglomeration of industry

39
Q

Meiji restoration

A

a remarkable government-sponsored campaign in japan for modernization and colonization

40
Q

oligarchs

A

industrial or military leaders that came to political power

41
Q

kanto plain

A

japans dominant region of industrialization, includes Tokyo

42
Q

northeast district

A

china’s industrial heartland; coal and iron deposits

43
Q

pacific rim

A

countries that border the pacific ocean on their eastern shores

44
Q

maquiladora

A

northern mexico; produces goods primarily consumers in the US and a number of US companies have established plants in the zone

45
Q

NAFTA

A

eliminated barriers in north american trade

46
Q

international division of labor

A

when some components of products are made in one country and others in another

47
Q

trading blocs

A

conglomerations of trade among countries within a region

48
Q

transnational corporations

A

companies that operate factories in countries other than the ones in which they are headquartered

49
Q

conglomerate corporations

A

companies comprised of many smaller firms that support the overall industry

50
Q

deindustrialization

A

when the total employment in industry falls dramatically in the more developed countries

51
Q

fossil fuels

A

coal, petroleum, and natural gas; residues of plants and animals that were buried millions of years ago

52
Q

proven reserves

A

energy deposits that have been discovered

53
Q

potential reserves

A

energy deposits that are undiscovered

54
Q

sustainable development

A

people living today should not impair the ability of future generations to meet their needs

55
Q

global warming

A

the increase in earth’s temperature caused primarily by the burning of fossil fuels

56
Q

acid rain

A

when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels

ap human geography (4 decks)

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