Industrialization

Question 1

what are five reasons the industrialization started in Great Britain

Answer 1

-The effects of the Agricultural Revolution (increased food which helped the population increase)

-Large available supply of coal_(useful for trains, heating, among other things)

-Geography of the country (good water access, helps transport goods)

-A positive political climate (They had a stable government)

-A vast colonial empire (gave them good access to natural resources

Question 2

In about 1712 who developed a more efficient steam engine.

Answer 2

Thomas Newcomen

Question 3

who greatly improved the steam engine and added many other improvements to produce a practical power plant.

Answer 3

James Watt

Question 4

who was given credit for the spinning Jenny

Answer 4

James Hargreaves

Question 5

what is science/technology concerned with properties of metals and their production/purification.

Answer 5

mettallurgy

Question 6

What process was the first inexpensive industrial-scale process for the mass production of steel.

Answer 6

Bessmer

Question 7

What is a government license conferring a title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

Answer 7

A patent

Question 8

What is the economic system in which individuals or corporations, rather than governments, control the factors of production (land, labor, and capital).

Answer 8

Capitalism

Question 9

What were identical parts

Answer 9

interchangeable parts

Question 10

What were positives

Answer 10

-It created an increase in employment opportunities

-The wages at factories were higher than what individuals were making as farmers

-As factories became widespread, additional managers and employees were required to operate them, increasing the supply of jobs and overall wages.

Question 11

What were negatives

Answer 11

-As workers left their farms to work in factories, it led to a shortage of food being produced._

-The increase in factories led to an increase in urban pollution_

-Sewage flowed in the streets in some cities while manufacturers dumped waste from factories into rivers. Water supplies were not tested and protected as they are today_

-Working conditions were awful. Little kids had to work in mines, people had to work 6 days a week in conditions that could kill them.

Question 12

Who called for government involvement in economics (i.e., better working conditions and reduced hours), more rights for women

Answer 12

John Stuart Mill

Question 13

Who led an experiment at his New Lanark (Scotland) mill that improved conditions.

Answer 13

Robert Owen

Question 14

_______________–a large or general assembly to discuss or hear discussed some matter of common interest or concern, of workers that emerged during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 14

Mass meetings

Question 15

__________ addressing grievances to the government, most successful when done by many people–was the most popular form of trying to get government change during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 15

Petitions

Question 16

____________–also called fraternal societies, mutual aid societies, benefit clubs, became more common during the Industrial Revolution as a way for workers to try to help each other.

Answer 16

Mutual Support Societies

Question 17

What was called the need for raw materials for industrialization and capitalism would be 2 of the catalysts for European

Answer 17

Imperialism

Question 18

Name the 3 main social classes during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 18

The Upper Class, The middle class, The working class

Question 19

Explain the social and political effects of industrialization

Answer 19

-caused quite a few political problems.
-The working class was not happy with the people who owned the factories, the business men.
-The working class had to work in awful conditions and weren’t paid nearly enough as they should have been.
-The unions had to be formed to make sure the workers rights had been brought to people’s attention.