French Revolution and Napoleon Flashcards
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
VERY eager for changes to the class system of France.
Third Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Educated the French people and helped the destitute.
First Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Owned approximately 20% of the land.
Second Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Contributed around 2% of its income to the government (but paid no taxes on its land)
First Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Owned approximately 10% of the land.
First Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Paid the majority of the taxes to the government.
Third Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Less than 1% of France’s population.
First Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Consisted of merchants, bankers, peasants, and shopkeepers.
Third Estates
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Approximately 97% of France’s population.
Third Estate
First Estate, Second Estate, or the Third Estate:
Approximately 2% of France’s population.
Second Estate
What were the five primary causes of the French Revolution?
-Poor harvests
-High taxes on the Thirst Estate
-Ineffective leadership by Louis XVI
-The influence of the Enlightenment
-Dept from military conflicts/French support of the American Revolution
Who were the king and queen of France at the beginning of the French Revolution.
Louisville XVI and Marie Antoinette
What was the representative assembly of the three estates, in 1789 because the country was basically out of money.
Estates General
What became the motto of the Revolution.
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Locked out, the Third Estate pledged to form a constitution and a democratic government. This pledge became known as what?
the Tennis-court oath
The Third Estate became the ________________ and started passing laws and reforms in the name of the French people until it was replaced by the Legislative Assembly on September 30, 1791.
National Assembly
The symbolic beginning of the French Revolution was the “Storming of the ____________” on July 14, 1789.
Bastille
_________–a general panic that took place between July 22 and August 6, 1789, at the start of the French Revolution.
The Great fear
The National (Constituent) Assembly issued the ____________________ on August 26, 1789 and served as the preamble to the Constitution of 1791.
Declaration of the rights of man and of citizen
The __________, were those, at first mostly aristocrats, who fled France following 1789.
émigrés
In January 1793, Louis was convicted and condemned to death by the ___________.
guillotine
______________________ was a single-chamber assembly in France from September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795.
The National Convention
The __________ Club was distinguished by its left-wing revolutionary politics.
Jacobin
The ____________ were the common people of the lower classes, many of whom became radical and militant partisans in response to their poor quality of life.
sans-culottes
_________________ was a leader and orator, often seen as the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic.
Georges Danton
The __________________ was the political body of the French Revolution that gained virtual dictatorial control over France during the Reign of Terror.
Committee of Public Safety
___________________ was a period of state-sanctioned violence and mass executions between September 5, 1793, and July 27, 1794.
The Reign of terror
After Danton’s death, _________________ led the Terror until the __________________ on July 27, 1794.
Maximilien Robespiere and Thermidorian Reaction
After the Reign of Terror ended, the ___________ was the government set up by the Constitution of the Year III. It lasted from November 1795 to November 1799.
Directory
The end of the Revolution was when ______________ (and a few others) took over in 1799.
Napoleon Bonaparte
The _____________ of 1801 was a peace made between revolutionaries and Catholics.
Concordat
____________–vote of the people:
plebiscite
The _____________ was the French civil code that clarified and made uniform the laws of France.
Napoleonic Code
Napoleon established ___________ —government-run public schools to train officials.
lycees
Hatred of Napoleon is the single biggest reason the ____________ kingdoms and principalities would eventually unite.
German
The Spanish would fight as _________—small groups that attacked and then disappear.
guerrillas
Napoleon’s ___________ was the main military component of the French Imperial Army.
La Grande Army
In June 1812, Napoleon’s army marches into ___________ with 600,000 men
Russia
At the Battle of ______________, Prussian and British forces (led by the Duke of Wellington) defeated Napoleon’s army. This was Napoleon’s last attempt at power.
Waterloo
What three goals did Metternich have at the Congress of Vienna?
-To have balance with the power over Europe
-To make sure there was legitimacy
-To strengthen the countries surrounding France
What three actions were taken at the Congress of Vienna?
-They formed the German Confederation
-They identified Switzerland to be its own region
-Said they would restore some monarchs back in power
explain the legacy of the French Revolution on global political and social developments
The French Revolution ended the monarchy in France and took some power from the Church so they couldn’t use it against people. It helped make things a little more fair for the people. It helped the idea of freedom come along as well. It helped end slavery and even helped with women’s rights.
