Industrialisation (booklet 2)

Question 1

What act disallowed women and boys under 10 from working underground?

Answer 1

1842 mines act

Question 2

What act made the 10 hour day for children?

Answer 2

1847 factory act

Question 3

What act reduced death rates, improved living conditions and showed concern for the poorest people?

Answer 3

1848 public health act

Question 4

What act was passed because MPs believed wages were being lowered by the the speenhamland system?

Answer 4

The 1834 poor law amendment act

Question 5

What program showed broader government concern for the suffering of working children?

Answer 5

1842 royal commission into working conditions in mines- led to 1842 mines act ban children u10 working in mines

Question 6

What is an example of bad working conditions for children?

Answer 6

1830 Sheffield and Manchester, 1/2 children didn’t reach age 5

Question 7

What riots had what amount of damage, and how many were sentenced to death?

Answer 7

1830/31 swing riots. £600 riot damage, £100,000 arson damage. 252 sentenced to death.

Question 8

When did the ten hour movement start, and what success did it have?

Answer 8

1830. Successful for women and children in 1847- reduced to 10 hour working day.

Question 9

Which Lord tried on which dates to introduce the 1847 factory act?

Answer 9

Lord Ashley tried 1838,39,40,44

Question 10

Who led the ten hour movement?

Answer 10

Tory land steward, Richard Oastler.

Question 11

Who was instrumental to the 1847 factory act? Introducing the 10 hour working day?

Answer 11

John fielden

Question 12

What act left working-class disenfranchised, and whose petitions against it did parliament reject?

Answer 12

1832 great reform act. Chartist petitions. Although it did help the middles class by extending the franchise to those who rented land worth more than 40 shillings.

Question 13

What is a primary function of industrial capitalism and what is it caused by?

Answer 13

Growth in banking provided further capital for further industrial development, and allowed capital intensive projects (like railways). Helped growth of middles class.

Question 14

What did the growth of banking facilitate?

Answer 14

Growth of local business and influence of industrial middle class. (Enabled by deposits, guaranteed payment and joint-stock banks which allowed small deposits to double 1829-70.)

Question 15

What did local saving banks encourage?

Answer 15

Skilled workers to become savers as small deposits 1829-70 more than doubled.

Question 16

How much did the middle class population increase?

Answer 16

1816-31 increase 75%

Question 17

Who was born poor and what happened to him?

Answer 17

Arkwright, died with £500,000 fortune

Question 18

How many workers lived in what housing?

Answer 18

2/3 back to back housing

Question 19

______, ___ report of __ streets inspected in ________. __ unpaved, __ ill-ventilated, __ had pools of ______ or _______.

Answer 19

Chadwick, 1842, 687, 248, 112, 252,effluence, rubbish.

Question 20

Creation of ______ banks

Answer 20

Joint stock like Lancashire banking company 1826. By 1866, 154 joint-stock banks with 850 branches nationwide.

Question 21

What did the 1833 factory act do?

Answer 21

Ban children <9 from working

Question 22

What did the 1844 factory act do?

Answer 22

Children 9-13 —>3 hours school, 6.5 hours work per day

Question 23

What act extended the coverage of industries?

Answer 23

1864 factory acts extensions act

Question 24

Give an example of harsh factory conditions

Answer 24

10 minutes late= fine of 2 hours wage

Question 25

Give example of safety advancements in mines

Answer 25

Davy safety lamp 1815. Still risks like flooding, gas explosions, collapse

Question 26

How did coal production change?

Answer 26

6 mil tons 1770 –> 55mil tons 1850

Question 27

Chartists

Answer 27

1838-48 mass movement. Handed petitions signed by millions to parliament.

Question 28

Individuals- Robert peel

Answer 28

Tory PM, Passed mines act (1842), factory act (1844), repeal of the corn laws (1846)

Question 29

Industrial working conditions transformed 1833-64- factors 2021

Answer 29

Factory acts, mines acts, women and children

Question 30

Cotton mills act

Answer 30

1819- focussed on working children. Banned <9, 9-16 only 12 hours in mills.

Question 31

Similarities between luddites and swing riots

Answer 31

Both protest against new tech that reduced wages/ changed working practices, both used ‘nom de guerre’ to send threatening letters (Ned Ludd + Captain Swing), both broke machinery like stocking frames and threshing machines, both community protests not individual grievances, both caused financial damage

Question 32

How much damage did the Luddites cause?

Answer 32

Destroyed 100,000 frames in Nottingham, 1811, cost £6000-£10,000

Question 33

Differences between luddites and swing riots?

Answer 33

Luddites aimed at defending traditional skills (cottage industry) swing riots aimed at wages, Luddites more violent (caused Frame Breaking Act 1812, murdered Mill owner William Horsfall) swing riots well-ordered, Luddites more informed of political ideology (labelled as ‘Paineites’), Luddites target factory system (attacked mills like Rawford’s mill) swing riots targeted machined and burned ricks as denied winter work.

Question 34

How many people worked in manufacturing?

Answer 34

2/5 of employed in 1851, 2/3 in 1871.

Question 35

Why did the middle class feel they had the right to vote?

Answer 35

By 1811 they had created £130 million worth of goods in their factories. The passing of the corn laws in 1815 reduced their profits in favour of the landed elite.

Question 36

what were some laissez faire policies that aided industrialization?

Answer 36

1799/1800 combination acts (illegal to form unions). 1823 Master and servants act (illegal to not fulfill contract). 1846 repeal of the corn laws (reduce protectionism in market). BUT once business established, government regulated so short term.