Industrial Techniques Of Polymerization Flashcards
Polymerization reactions are ___________.
Exothermic
The simplest technique and the one that gives the highest purity polymer.
Bulk Polymerization
Due to active radical sites accumulation, the rate of polymerization increases enormously and sometimes, the uncontrolled exothermic reactions can lead to an explosion.
Auto Acceleration or Trommsdorff Effect
The slowing of termination processes is caused by ____________ of the polymerizing solution.
Localized Increases in the Viscosity
A polymerization technique that is employed in industrial application.
Solution Polymerization
In this procedure, a monomer is dissolved in a nonreactive solvent that contains a catalyst or initiator.
Solution Polymerization
Saturated and require vulcanization employing free radical processes produced by solution polymerization employing Ziegler-Natta Catalysts.
Ethylenepropylene Copolymers (EPMs)
Produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of an initiator in a solution such as benzene.
Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)
Refers to the polymerization in an aqueous system with monomer as a dispersed phase, resulting in polymer as a dispersed solid phase.
Suspension Polymerization.
Kinetically, suspension polymerizations are _____________.
Water-cooled Bulk Reactions
Results to nonporous polymer particles that are formed where the polymer is soluble in monomer such as PS and PMMA.
Bead Polymerization
Refers to the polymerization process whose polymer is not soluble in its monomer and the resultant bead will be porous and irregular.
Powder Polymerization
Porous particles where the polymer is insoluble in monomer and precipitates during polymerization.
Powders
A type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomers, and surfactants.
Emulsion Polymerization
The frequently used dispersion medium in emulsion polymerization as it is cheap and environmental friendly.
Water
A form of bulk polymerization in which monomers are in the solid phase and subjected to temperatures below the melting point to introduce energy for initiation and propagation steps of polymerization.
Solid State Polymerization
In ________ polymerization, the gaseous monomer is presented to a reactor with a polymerization initiator.
Gas-phase
Uses plasma or high-energy gas to increase the energy in a gaseous or liquid monomer and fragment them to initiate polymer formation.
Plasma Polymerization
Enumeration.
Types of Commercially Processed Polymers .
- Hydrocarbon Plastics and Elastomers
- Other Carbon-Carbon Polymer
- Heterochain Thermoplastics
- Thermosetting Resins
Enumeration.
Type of Hydrocarbon Plastics and Elastomers.
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene
- Olefin-Based Polymers and Copolymers
- Natural Rubber and Polyisoprenes
- Rubbers derived from Butadiene
Enumeration.
Types of Carbon-Carbon Polymer
- Polystyrene
- Acrylic Polymers
- Polyvinyl esters
- Chlorine-containing Polymers
- Fluorine-containing Polymers
Enumeration.
Types of Heterochain Thermoplastics
- Polyamides and Polypeptides
- Polyesters and Polyethers
- Cellulosic Polymers
- High-temperature and Inorganic Polymers
Enumeration.
Types of Thermosetting Resins.
- Phenolic and Amino Resins
- Unsaturated Polyester Resins
- Epoxy Resins and Polyurethanes
- Silicone Polymers
The simplest technique and the one that gives the highest purity polymer.
Bulk Polymerization
Enumeration.
These are used to control molecular weight in bulk polymerization.
- Monomer
- Monomer-soluble Initiator
- Chain Transfer Agent
Enumeration.
Primary components of
