Industrial Revolution Review Flashcards
Laissez-faire
Belief that the government should not interfere with the operations of business
Unions
Association of workers that plan actions and coordinate demands for workers.
Corporation
Business organization in which people buy shares of stock or ownership in the business
Sole proprietorship
Business owned and controlled by one person
Partnership
Business controlled and owned by two or more people
Strike
Business method involving the refusal of workers to work until their demands
Division of labor
Characteristic of civilizations in which different people preform different jobs
Cartel
Combination of corporations that control an entire industry
Communism
Economic and political system where the government owns the means of producing and controls economic planning
Depression
Lowest point of a business cycle; associated with low output and high unemployment
Domestic system
Method of production in which work is done in homes
Capitalism
Economic system in which individuals control the means of production
Proletariat
Name given by Marx to the working class
Interchangeable parts
Parts that can go equally well into other components
Business cycle
Pattern consisting of alternating periods or prosperity and decline
Enclosure movement
Practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings
Collective bargaining
Process of negotiation between union members and management
Factory system
Production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers
Suburbs
Residential areas on the outskirts of cities
Mass production
System of producing large numbers of identical items
Bourgeoise
The city-dwelling middle class; in Marxist philosophy owners of property
Crop rotation
The practice of alternating crops of different kinds to preserve soil fertility
Urbanization
The process of people moving from rural areas to cites
Mechanization
Use of automatic machinery to increase production
Monopoly
Complete control of the production or sale of a good or service by a single firm
Albert Einstein
General theory of relativity
Alessandro Volta
Invented the battery
Alexander Graham Bell
First (practical) telephone
Andre Ampere
Electric magnetism
Charles Darwin
Evolutionary theory
Charles Goodyear
Vulcanized rubber
Charles Townsend
Corp rotation
Cyrus Field
Transit Atlantic and Telegraph
Cyrus McCormick
Mechanical reaper
Edmund Cartwright
Water powered loom
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts & cotton gin
George Stephen
Steam locomotive
Guglielmo Marconi
Mass producing steel
Henry Bessemer
Mass producing steel
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
James Watt
Steam engine
Jethro Wood
Iron plow
John Kay
Flying shuttle
John McAdam
Road surface
Louis Pasteur
Discoveries of vaccination, microbial, fermentation and pasteurization
Robert Fulton
Clermont (steam boat)
Samuel Crompton
Spinning mule
Samuel Morse
Telegraph and Morse Code
Thomas Edison
Photograph motion picture camera & electric lightbulb
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Airplane
William Kelley
Mass producing steel
Who published the Communist Manifesto
Marx
Adam smith describes law of supply and demand in “_________”
The Wealth of Nations
How did the Agricultural Revolution free labor to work in factories?
Decrease in labor needed on farms so that they could work in factories
Why were unions needed on farms do that they could work in factories
Protection
Describe two reforms that took place in child labor.
No boys under 12 or women and girls could work
Name two reason people favored public education.
Better educated voters
Industrial workers
What leisure activities became popular in the late 1800’s?
Baseball, boxing, theatre, amusement parks, etc.
Name three improvements in the 1800’s increased life expectancy.
Sewer systems
More food
Medical advances
What are the three components of mass production?
Assembly line
Interchangeable parts
Division of labor
Why did emigration take place on Europe in the 1800’s?
Better opportunities in the U.S.
How many people left Europe for the U.S.?
About 10 million
