French Revolution Review Flashcards
Czar of Russia who represented at the congress of Vienna.
Alexander I
Weak, but well maintained king of France prior to the French Revolution.
Louis XVI
King of France after the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars
Louis VXII
Member of the French middle class
bourgeoise
Persons with no extreme views who may side with either conservatives or radicals depending upon the issue.
Moderates
Diplomat that represented Austria at the Congress of Vienna
Metternich
The draft
Conscription
One of the great military and political leaders of the world, he became Emperor of France in 1804 and lost Waterloo in 1815
Napoleon Bonaparte
Persons who do not want to change existing conditions
Conservatives
Pride in and love of ones country
Nationalism
An overthrown of state; a sudden change in government
Coup d’état
Leader of the Peninsular Campaign and general who led Napoleons defeat
Duke of Wellington
Procedure used to submit a new constitution to the people for a vote
Plebiscite
System of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to the principles of the enlightenment
enlightened despotism
Consisted of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church
First Estate
Persons who want to institute far reaching changes
Radicals
British admiral killed in the British victory of Trafalgar
Horatio Nelson
Compensation paid to a country for damages inflicted on it
Indemnity
Extremists who not only oppose change, but would like to turn back the clock before certain changes occurred
Reactionaries
Principle after the Napoleonic wars of restoring former ruling families to their thrones.
Legitimacy
Consisted of the nobility
Second estate
Leader of Committee of public safety and one of the chief architects of the Reign of terror who was himself beheaded
Maximilian Robespierre
Political movement stressing individual rights and the rule of law rather than the rule of monarchs
Liberalism
Diplomat who represented Great Britain at the Congress of Vienna
Lord Castleraugh
King of France during war of the Austrian succession and the seven years war (French and Indian War)
Louis XV
Consisted of the peasantry and bourgeoise
Third estate
Diplomat that represented France at the Congress of Vienna
Talleyrand
Term applied to intellectuals during the Enlightenment
Philosophes
System of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
Rationalism
Who believed:
Each Branch should have the power to check and balance others
Montesquieu
Who believed:
Governments are formed to protect life, liberty, and property.
Rousseau
Who believed:
The powers of government should be divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
Montesquieu
Who believed:
If government fails in its duties or becomes oppressive the people have the right to alter or abolish the government
Rousseau
Who believed:
Religious toleration should be known as “all men are brothers under God”
Voltaire
Who believed:
People form a social contract with the government
Rousseau
Why were the Estates-General undemocratic?
Two-thirds of the votes were for 3% of the population of the population, while one-third was for 97%
Describe two changes Napoleon made in France.
- Made peace with the Catholic Church
- Created education system (primary, secondary, university)
What events/factors led to Louis XVI calling the Estates-General in 1789?
Louis XVI needed money, the government was bankrupt.
How did the constitution of 1791 change the monarchy in France?
Constitutional Monarchy. The king has no veto and cannot make a law by himself
Whats factors lead to the radicalization of the French Revolution after the constitution of 1791 failed?
- Louis attempted to escape
- War was developed on France
Describe the Constitution of 1795.
- created 3 branches of government
- the King could neither create nor veto laws
- all tax-paying males could vote
How did the civil constitution of the clergy affect the Catholic Church in France?
It was convicted and the government paid the salary of presets.
What were the accomplishments of the National Convention?
They put out a new calendar and created the metric system.
What territories were gained by various countries at the end of the Napoleonic Wars?
- Netherlands received the Austrian Netherlands
- Austria gained Venetla, Lombardy, Parma, Modena, and Tuscany
- Sweden gained Norway from Denmark
- Great Britain received Hegoland on the North Sea, Islands in the a French West Indies and Meditteranean, Malta and Cape Colony
- Russia wanted Grand Duchy of Warsaw
- Prussia wanted Saxony
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? Was it successful? Explain.
The age of Metternich, Metternich was a reactionary who was able to use the concept of Europe to suppress liberalism, freedom, and the press and support absolute monarch. It was not successful, Greece became an independent state by the Treaty of Adrainpole for the first time since 146 B.C.
Who proposed the Holy Alliance? Who refused to join?
Czar Alexander proposed it. George III, Mahmud II mad Prius VII refused.
How did Napoleon end the conflict between he Catholic Church and Rome?
He made an agreement with the pope, which recognized Catholicism as the religion of a majority of French People. The pope agree not to ask for the return of the church lands seized in the revolution.
What changes/reforms did Napoleon make in France?
Destroyed revolutionary ideals
Liberty was replaced by a despotism that grew increasingly arbitrary
Napoleon created a new aristocracy and 3,200 nobles.
