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World History Review > Enlightenment Review > Flashcards

Enlightenment Review Flashcards

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0
Q

Government should protect society from invasion (defense).

A

-Adam Smith

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1
Q

Each branch should have the power to check and balance the others

A

-Baron de Montesquieu

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2
Q

Governments are formed to protect life, liberty, and property.

A

-Jean Jacques Rousseau

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3
Q

If government fails in its duties or becomes oppressive the people have the right to alter or abolish the government.

A

-Jean Jacques Rosseau

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4
Q

Laissez-faire; Government should not interfere in the economy.

A

-Adam Smith

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5
Q

Men and women are both capable of reason.

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

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6
Q

Nations should engage in free trade and not impose tariffs on each other.

A

-Adam Smith

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7
Q

Opposed capital punishment

A

-Cesare Beccaria

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8
Q

People form a social contract with the government.

A

-Jean Jacques Rousseau

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9
Q

Public works necessary for trade which would not otherwise be done (roads, bridges, canals) should be provided by government.

A

-Adam Smith

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10
Q

Punishment for crimes should not be more brutal than the crimes themselves.

A

-Cesare Beccaria

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11
Q

Religious toleration should be the norm as “all men are brothers under God”

A

-Voltaire

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12
Q

The domination of women by men is wrong

A

-Mary Wollstonecraft

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13
Q

The government should defend citizens from injustice (punish criminals)

A

-Adam Smith

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14
Q

The powers of government should be divided into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial.

A

-Baron de Montesquieu

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15
Q

A Vindication of the Rights of Women

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

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16
Q

On Crimes and Punishments

A

Cesare Beccaria

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17
Q

On the Wealth of Nations

A

Adam Smith

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18
Q

The Social Contract

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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19
Q

The Spirit of the Laws

A

Baron de Montesquieu

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20
Q

Treatise of Toleration

A

Voltaire

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21
Q

How did Montesquieu influence the Constitution?

A

His idea of 3 branches was put into the constitution.

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22
Q

How did Adam Smith influence the constitution?

A

Laissez-faire; Government should not interfere with the economy - constitution.

23
Q

*Highway system

A

For militarized to move equipment, people, etc.

24
Q

“Earth-centered”

A

Geocentric

25
Q

“Sun-centered”

A

Heliocentric

26
Q

Author of On the Wealth of Nations and the father of modern economics

A

Adam Smith

27
Q

First ten Amendments of the US Constitution

A

Bill of Rights

28
Q

18th century religious philosophy based upon reason and natural law

A

Deism

29
Q

Tsarina of Russia, tried to be and enlightened absolutist, but failed to free the serfs

A

Catherine the Great

30
Q

Began a religious revival during the enlightenment; founder of the Methodist church

A

John Wesley

31
Q

Holy Roman Emperor and enlightened absolutist; freed the serfs and abolished capital punishment

A

Joseph ll

32
Q

The elegant drawing rooms of great urban houses where people gathered to discuss enlightenment ideas

A

Salons

33
Q

Judicial philosopher during the Enlightenment; opposed capital punishment

A

Cesare Beccaria

34
Q

Concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will since it represents what is best for the entire community

A

Social contract

35
Q

Systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world

A

Scientific method

36
Q

King of Great Britain during the American Revolution

A

George lll

37
Q

Believed that people’s minds begin as a blank slate that is filled by experience and education

A

John Locke

38
Q

Founding document of American; explained our philosophy and our reasons for separating from Great Britain

A

Declaration of Independence

39
Q

King of Prussia and enlightened absolutist; permitted some freedom of speech and press, but failed to free the serfs

A

Frederick ll the Great

40
Q

Believed that people’s minds begin in

a blank slate that is filled by experience and education

A

John Locke

41
Q

Leader of colonial forces during the American Revolution and First US President

A

George Washington

42
Q

Absolute monarch of the Austrian Empire; fought two wars against Frederick the Great - the war of Austrian succession of the 7 years’ war

A

Maria Theresa

43
Q

Form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances

A

Federalism

44
Q

Published the first encyclopedia in France where it was also banned

A

Denis Diderot

45
Q

Early feminist that argued men’s domination of women was just as arbitrary and wrong as an absolute monarchs rule over their subjects

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

46
Q

Author of On the Spirit of the Laws which advocated a separation of powers and checks and balances in government

A

Baron de Montesquieu

47
Q

The country supported the American colonists after Saratoga to hurt Great Britain

A

France

48
Q

Satirist and Philosopher; promoted freedom of religion

A

Voltaire

49
Q

A body of law or specific principle held to be derived from nature and binding upon human society in the absence of or in addition to positive law

A

Natural law

50
Q

Author of the Declaration of Independence and third US president

A

Thomas Jefferson

51
Q

Term applied to intellectuals during the Enlightenment

A

Philosophes

52
Q

System of though expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

A

Rationalism

53
Q

Form of government in which power is shared between the central government and several regional governments

A

Federal system

54
Q

The primary cause of the American Revolution was _____

A

Taxes

55
Q

System in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining full royal powers

A

Enlightened absolutism

56
Q

Founder of the scientific method

A

Francis Bacon

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