Industrial Revolution-Exam Review Flashcards
Industrialization
The use of new sources of power to run machinery to make products.
Canals
A way of transportation using boats. Better for heavier shipping.
Capital
Money available to invest in something that may make more money.
Natural Resources
Useful substances found in nature.
Entrepreneur
A risk taker whose goal is to make profits.
Subsistence Economy
Situation in which what is produced is only enough on which to live.
Labour
People ready, willing, and able to work.
Bessemer Process
Was the process of making more strong flexible steel.
Steam Power
Is a heat engine that performs mechanical working using steam as its working fluid.
Stable Government
Is the mechanism through which the basic human needs of the population are largely met. Which is respect for minority rights is assured, conflicts are managed peacefully through inclusive political processes, and competition for power occurs non-violently.
Transportation
Permits the passage of materials, labour, and ideas from one area to another.
Watermill
A structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to power a machine that grinds, rolls, or hammers. It is needed to make materials like flour, lumber, paper, metals, etc.
Great Stink
Pollution of the River Thames created unsanitary conditions in England. (Even death)
Factory Act 1833
Parliament set up a committee to investigate abuses of child labour. As a result of the findings, new law made it illegal to hire children under 9 y/o.
Unions
Workers joined in groups. It speaks for all workers in a particular trade. They bargain for better working conditions and higher wages and better hours.
Navvies
They built railroads-cutting (remove soil or rock from a route), tunnels, etc. Many were Irish and desperate for work.
Cotton
A soft white fibrous substance that is used to make fiber and thread for sewing.
Child Labour
Factories wanted cheap, unskilled labour to lower the cost of production so they used children, also because they could pay them less.
Chart that describes how life changed as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
Sources of Power
Before:
-Manual, wind, sun, water.
After:
Human, animal, wind, water, steam, coal, oil, gas, nuclear, energy.
Where most people live
Before: Rural, Farm Areas.
After: Cities, suburbs.
Where most people work
Before: Farms.
After: Factories, places of business, cities.
Principal source of education
Before: Family
After: Jobs, Formal schooling.
Sources of food and clothing
Before: Handmade, homegrown.
After: Factories, machines.
Size of families
Before: Large (needed to help with farming).
After: Nuclear (parent and children -two generations).
Sense of time influenced by
Before: Season, sunup and sundown.
After: Clocks, calendar, workday.
Means of transportation
Before: Horse and wagon, by foot, boat.
After: Buggy, train.
Means of communication
Better: Letters, pigeons, words of mouth.
After: Letters, telegraph.
8 Factors needed for Industrialization to occur
1.Excess Capital
Extra that can be invested into new investments. It may produce more profits in areas like farming.
2.Available Labour
Having enough people who are willing and able to work the factories or railroads.
3.Entrepreneurs
A risk taker whose goal is to make profits.
4+5.Natural Resources and Energy Sources
Needed for developing the nations power.
-Substances that can be burned: timber, oil, coal, natural gas.
-Fast running water can produce electricity that can create nuclear power.
6+7.Transportation and Communication
This network permits the passage of materials, labour, and ideas from one area to another.
8.Stable Government
Is the mechanism through which the basic human needs of the population are largely met. Which is respect for minority rights is assured, conflicts are managed peacefully through inclusive political processes, and competition for power occurs non-violently.
Can the Industrial Revolution occur if one or more of the factors are missing?
The Industrial Revolution cannot occur if any of the factors are missing.
Provide 3 reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England.
The new inventions, access to raw material, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government. (Had all 8 factors)
Provide 3 reasons why it was dangerous in factories and/or mines.
-Boilers could explode, drive belt could catch a limb.
-Extreme temperatures.
-Workers inhaling lots smoke caused damaged lungs.
What was the purpose of tollbooths?
To pay for the upkeep of the roads. (You were charged to use the road and had to pay at the tollbooth.
What problems were created as a result of rapid industrialization?
1.Pollution
2.Overcrowding
3.Sanitation
4.Spread of Disease
How did the railway impact British society?
-Fresh food (food being imported faster)
-Seaside resorts develop
-Football league developed
-Poor able to travel cheaply
-Kick started the Industrial Revolution (business able to transport goods cheaply)
-Cost of coal went down
-Standardized time
-New towns developed
Provide 3 specific results of the Industrial Revolution
1.The production of goods was greatly increased.
2.Machines were substituted for human labour in all methods pf production.
3.There was a dramatic shirt fro their income on wages paid by employers.