Industrial revolution Flashcards
When did the industrial revolution start?
Around the 1760s.
Where did the industrial revolution start?
England.
How did the industrial revolution start?
The industrial revolution started as a result of several different factors, these include:
Agricultural revolution
An agricultural revolution that increased farming techniques and increased food production. Crop rotation, the introduction of new crops and new farming tools such as the seed drill, invented by Jethro Tull, led to higher yields and more effective use of land. This allowed fewer people to work in agriculture, freeing up labor for industrial work.
Access to natural resources
Great Britain was rich in coal and iron ore, both of which were critical for powering engines and building machinery and infrastructure.
Technological innovation
Inventions such as the steam engine, improved by James Watt. It allowed for more efficient energy production, powering factories, mills, and transportation such as trains and ships.
Describe the spinning jenny.
The Spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves in 1764. It allowed a single worker to spin multiple threads at once.
Describe the seed drill.
It was invented by jethro tull in 1701 as a way to plant more efficiently.
Describe the steam engine.
The steam engine was improved by James Watt in 1765. The steam engine provided a reliable and portable source of power for factories, allowing them to be located away from water sources, which had previously been essential for power.
What are two short term impacts of the industrial revolution?
Labor Exploitation: Factory workers, including women and children, often faced long hours, low wages, and poor working conditions. Child labor was widespread, and many workers endured harsh environments.
Increased Production: The advent of machines, such as the spinning jenny and steam engine, greatly increased production in industries like textiles, iron, and coal mining. This led to a boom in the manufacturing sector.
What are two long term impacts of the industrial revolution?
Urbanization: The Industrial Revolution led to mass migration from rural areas to cities as people sought work in factories.
Technological and Economic Transformation: The Industrial Revolution sparked innovations in machinery, transportation, and production methods that laid the foundation for modern industrial economies
