Genology Yr10

Question 1

What is DNAs full scientific name?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are genes?

Answer 2

Sections of DNA that code for particular traits

Question 3

What are alleles?

Answer 3

Variant of a gene controlling the same trait e.g blue eye alleles vs brown eye alleles

Question 4

What is a genotype?

Answer 4

A combination of alleles.

Question 5

What is phenotype?

Answer 5

The physical characteristics.

Question 6

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 6

A trait that will always show and override a recessive trait. They are represented by a capital letter in punnet squares.

Question 7

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 7

A trait only expressed when the genotype is homozygous. Only females can carry a recessive gene and not be affected by it. They are represented by lowercase letters in punnett squares.

Question 8

What is a sex-linked trait?

Answer 8

When a gene is located on a sex chromosome and is therefore associated with the sex of a person.

Question 9

What is an autosomal trait?

Answer 9

22 pairs of chromosomes that control the inheritance of characteristics that are not sex linked

Question 10

What is a carrier?

Answer 10

A woman with XX chromosomes who carries a recessive trait on one chromosome that is masked by a dominant trait.

Question 11

What sex is associated with XX chromosomes?

Answer 11

Female.

Question 12

What sex is associated with XY chromosomes?

Answer 12

Male.

Question 13

What number is I?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What number is II?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What number is III?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What number is IV?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

What number is V?

Answer 17

5

Question 18

What number is VI?

Answer 18

6

Question 19

What number is VII?

Answer 19

7

Question 20

What number is VIII?

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What number is IX?

Answer 21

9

Question 22

What number is X?

Answer 22

10

Question 23

What is mitosis?

Answer 23

A process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 24

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 24

Growth, repair and replacing cells.

Question 25

What is meosis?

Answer 25

A type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms that produces four cells, each with half the full complement of DNA.

Question 26

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 26

Production of gametes ## Footnote *a gamete is the reproductive cell of a plant or animal.

Question 27

What is a gamete?

Answer 27

The reproductive cell of a plant or animal.

Question 28

What does IPMAT+C stand for?

Answer 28

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis *Is an acronym for remembering the stages of mitosis

Question 29

What are Similarities of meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 29

-They both produce new cells -They both start with a single parent cell

Question 30

What are some differences of meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 30

Mitosis -Has 4 stages + interphase Meiosis -Has 8 stages + interphase Mitosis -Purpose is cellular proliferation Meiosis -Purpose is sexual reproduction Mitosis -Produces two diploid daughter cells Meiosis -Produces 4 haploid daughter cells Mitosis -Number of chromosomes stays the same (46) Meiosis -Number of chromosomes is halved for each daughter cell (23) ## Footnote *proliferation is the rapid increase of a cell, part or organism *a diploid contaions two complete sets of chromosomes (46) *a haploid contains a single set of chromosomes (23)

Question 31

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 31

46

Question 31

EXTRA

Answer 31

The stages of meiosis Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II

Question 32

How do you tell if a trait is dominant or recessive?

Answer 32

If

Question 33

Neucleotide

Answer 33

Building block of DNA, composed of phosphate group, sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 34

Species

Answer 34

A group of genetically similar organisms that can exchange genetic information and produce fertile offspring

Question 35

Pedigree

Answer 35

Diagram that represents the relationship between biologically related individuals

Question 35

Evolution

Answer 35

The theory that all living things that exist today developed from eariler forms

Question 36

Selection pressure

Answer 36

Environmental factors or influences that affect reproduction in a species or population

Question 37

Chromosomes

Answer 37

A long strand of DNA coiled up around histones; carries genetic infromation in the form of genes

Question 38

DNA

Answer 38

A double stranded molecule that codes for traits and is pased from parents to offspring; found in the nucleus of all living things; blueprint of life and responsible for most characterisics of an organism

Question 39

What is the order of DNA replication

Answer 39

Helicase unzips, polymerase adds nucleotides and ligase bonds the strands

Question 40

How do u tell if a pedigree is dominant

Answer 40

individuals shaded in every generation

Question 41

how do u tell if pedigree is recessive

Answer 41

may skip generations two non affected parents can have affected offspring