Industrial Revolution (1700s~1900s) Flashcards
What were trade industries like before the industrial revolution?
Most manufacturing of textiles took place in the home. This was called the domestic system and was labour intensive. Production was small-scale and goods were normally sold in local markets.
It was sooo long and hard to take the wool from the sheep and make thread out of it (to make fabric). Then cotton started to replace it but idk how this helped…
How did capitalism help to cause the industrial revolution?
Implemented policies that encouraged liberal democracy and were important for industrialisation.
Limited monarchy, gave everyone legal rights, allowed free flow of ideas, and ensured geniuses owned their ideas, and could make money off of it. encouraged entrepreneurs to seek profit and invest in their businesses. Led to innovation in technology, which created a workforce for industrial factories and mines.
Another important policy was allowing the inflow of immigrants for enhancing the skill and development of the industry which also led to the weakening of the guilds.
How did global trading such as the slave trade help to cause the industrial revolution?
The population of Britain’s North American colonies was growing rapidly, and they bought a lot of goods such as planation tools that were manufactured in Britain, creating a larger market for these goods.
Also raw materials made in the Americas would be brought to England. I can
Tell me about the flying shuttle. What did it do? How did it improve manufacturing?
Were their any problems with its use?
Weaving speeds increased and cloth was made so much quicker. This meant that small textile mills quickly ran out of thread. Small families couldn’t produce enough wool and cotton from Americas was really expensive.
Tell me about the spinning jenny. What did it do? How did it improve manufacturing?
Quite a nice story really. Imagine, poor uneducated spinner called James Hargreaves thinks of the idea when his daughter jenny knocks over their spinning wheel.
Solved the problem of the flying shuttle that it produced cloth too quickly and so thread ran out really quickly.
Produced 120 threads at a time!
Tell me about the water frame/spinning frame. What did it do? How did it improve manufacturing?
Invented by Richard Arkwright.
It was the first automatic and continuously operating spinning machine. It also improved from the spinning jenny because it produced stronger and greater quantitues of thread.
Tell me about the steam engine. What did it do? How did it improve manufacturing?
Invented by James Watt.
Coal was burned to heat water to make steam. Steam-powered mills produced textiles even faster than before.
It improved water frames because it freed manufacturers from the need to locate their factories on or near sources of water power. Large enterprises began to concentrate in rapidly growing industrial cities.
Who initially invented the steam locomotive and then who designed the version passengers went on?
Richard Trevithick invented this application of the steam engine. And it was actually more powerful than Watts and commonly replaced his application in industrial applications.
George Stephenson designed the “Active”, later renamed the “Locomotion”.
Actually bitesize are saying In 1829, George Stephenson, the “Father of Railways”, entered a competition to design a locomotive engine. His design, named ‘the Rocket’, won the competition. He went on to design and build the Liverpool-Manchester railway
In terms of the capitalistic consequences of the industrial revolution, what happened to factory owners?
Factory owners and others who controlled the means of production rapidly became very rich and had more money to invest in technology and more industry. Thus, industrial capitalists gradually replaced agrarian land owners as leaders of the nation’s economy and power structure.
With economic and political power they were in many ways the new rulers of the nation.
In terms of the social consequences of the industrial revolution, how did the class system change?
Since feudalism had ended, the main classes were now bourgeoisie and proletariat.
