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Honors Modern World History 2023-2024 > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Greatly increases the output of machine made goods that began in England in the 18th century

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2
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

Cause of IR: larger farms, more production, fewer laborers needed, population growth.

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3
Q

Jethro Tull

A

invented the seed drill

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4
Q

Crop Rotation

A

Improvements on the medieval three field method: Provided much better crop yields

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5
Q

Livestock Breeding

A

Selective breeding helped create better breeds and improved food production.

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6
Q

Population Shifts

A

Because of the agriculture revolution, large number of former moved to the cities to find work.

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7
Q

Why did it start in Britain?

A
  1. Large population for workers
  2. Extensive natural resources
  3. Expanding and stable economy
  4. Political Stability
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8
Q

Factors of production

A

Resources needed to produce good and services

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9
Q

James Hargreaves

A

Inventor of the spinning wheel

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10
Q

Samuel Cromton

A

Combined the spinning Jenny with water power to make the spinning mule

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11
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Invented the cotton gin

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12
Q

James Watt

A

Made vast improvements to the steam engine

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13
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Build a steamboat. Ferried passengers UP and down the New York’s Hudson river

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14
Q

Urbanization

A

Growth In population

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15
Q

Living Conditions

A

Lack of adequate housing, education, police, and infrastructure

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16
Q

Working conditions

A

Long dangerous days. No government aid in case of injury

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17
Q

Class tension

A

Growth in the Middle class. Not everyone got the benefits of the Revolution

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18
Q

Positive effects

A

Creation of more jobs, wealth of nations, general raised. Standard of living and hope that lives could improve

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19
Q

Corporation

A

Business owned by its stockholders who share in profits, but are not responsible for its debts.

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20
Q

Global inequities

A

Widened the gap between industrialized parts of the world and no-industrialized parts of the world.

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21
Q

Society Transformed

A

Everything from the daily life to life expectancy were affected by industrialization development.

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22
Q

Adam Smith

A

Wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776 defending the ideas if free markets or a free economy.

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23
Q

Laissez Faire

A

policy that government should leave bushines’s alone.

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24
Q

Invisable hand

A

AS individuals work to meet their own goals, they will be helping do what is best for society as a whole.

25
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system where money is invested with goal of making profit.

26
Q

Socialism

A

Economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the good of the people
ex. public schools

27
Q

Karl Marx

A

Argued that human societies were always divided into warring classes. Said that the working class would overtake the middle class.

28
Q

Communism

A

A form of complete socialism where private property would cease to exist. Nothing is owned privately.

29
Q

Unions

A

Workers who joined together to press reforms

30
Q

Collective Bargaining

A

negotiations for better wages and working conditions.

31
Q

Strike

A

Union members refusing to work in order to shut down a factory.

32
Q

Alexander Graham Bells

A

Invented the telephone. Instructed deaf students.

33
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Created in environment to create new things. Patented 1000 inventions including the telephone and the phonograph.

34
Q

Guglielmo Marconi

A

Invented the first radio

35
Q

Henry Ford

A

Build automobiles on an assembly line. Mass production.

36
Q

Orrville and Wilber Wright

A

Bicycle mechanics who were the first to build and fly a successful airplane.

37
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered that heat killed bacteria. Made milk safe to drink using “pasteurization.

38
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Developed the theory of evolution

39
Q

Marie Curie

A

discovered radioactivity.

40
Q

Imperialism

A

extension of a nation’s power over the other lands

41
Q

British Empire

A

Great Britain creates the greatest empire ever known.

42
Q

Indirect/direct ruler

A

Systems set up where either the local rulers would rule with the guidance of the imperial ruler, or be directly ruled over by the imperial ruler.

43
Q

Imperialism’s scope

A

Lands in every continent were acquired by European or American governments.

44
Q

Rise of nationalism

A

Colonized territories started to become unified behind nation identity in order to fight of the imperialistic countries.

45
Q

Sepoy

A

Indian Soldiers hired by Great Britain to protect the empires interest.

46
Q

Viceroy

A

British ruler that was out in charge of colonial possessions

47
Q

Indian National Confernce

A

Formed by the Sepoy’s in 1885 with the demand that they get their Independence from GB

48
Q

Ghandi

A

Lawyer who took his independence ideas to India. Succeeded in gaining Indian independence.

49
Q

Opium war

A

China tried to stop Great Britain from importing Opium into their country.

50
Q

Open door policy

A

Allowed all countries to access China’s goods. Started by the US.

51
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

Revolt by the Chinese against all of the outsiders taking advantage of China.

52
Q

Sun-Yat-sen

A

The “Father” of modern China

53
Q

Japan Isolation

A

Japan had lived in the middle age type society until well into the 19th century.

54
Q

Commodore Perry

A

U.S. admiral who saild to Japan to open relation to the west.

55
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

Japan’s start to “westernizing” their society.

56
Q

Japan’s war with Russia

A

Japanese armies attack Russian lands in the East in 1904. Japan won, and people were shocked that Japan was know a major power.

57
Q

Social Darwinism

A

The theory that individuals, groups, and people are subject to the same Darwinism laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

58
Q

Causes of WWI

A
  1. Nationalism: “we are the best”
  2. Imperialism: “I want more”
  3. Militarism: “Let’s settle are differences through war”
  4. Alliance System: “I don’t want to do this alone”

Honors Modern World History 2023-2024 (3 decks)

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