Industrial Revolution Flashcards
How did coal help Britain industrialize first?
Coal, timber, and iron were close to the cities; they could get it easily.
How did coal mining change over the course of the industrial revolution?
Developed steam power so they could dig deeper.
How did Britain’s pre-industrial wool industry help Britain industrialize?
Wool used to be made by hand, but then they had it made by machines controlled by pedals.
How did Britain’s financial system help launch new industrial ventures?
Encouraged people to take risks; legal protections encouraged risks
How did high wages contribute to industrialization in Britain?
Machines were cheaper than people; more machines to do the work
What global factors fed Britain’s industrialization?
Slave trade and goods from the Americas. this gave Britain money, resources, food, a marketplace
How did widespread railways help bring the industrialization to more people?
Transported raw materials like timber and coal
How did railroads shape our ideas of space and time?
Go longer distances in shorter amount of time
Why were people against railroads in the 19th century?
Economic dislocation, corruption, destroyed local economies
How did industrialization influence migration patterns?
Immigrants had lower pay rates, worked longer, would put up with worse conditions; so they moved to the cities
How did industrialization drive urbanization?
People moved to the cities because economic growth and opportunities
Major factors of international migration are:
Search for work, more economic opportunities
Why didn’t more Chinese and Indian people move?
They were threatened with violence if they left
What was Matthew Perry’s motivation for sailing into Tokyo bay?
He wanted to force Japan to change their trading policies.
Why was Japan’s economy having trouble in the mid 19th century?
Lacked coal & other resources; there was no one to tax.
Why was there a reform movement and civil war after Perry’s arrival?
People wanted to protect Japan from European Threats. They were afraid of further invasion. They wanted to industrialize to protect themselves.
What disadvantages did Japan have as it started to industrialize?
How did it overcome them?
Lacked natural resources like coal to burn; To industrialize quickly they brought business leaders into the government; spent lots of tax money on industrialization; conquered Korea;
Why was the arrival of Perry’s warships such a shock to the Japanese?
Because they had strict isolationist policy.
What domestic problems did Matthew Perry’s arrival worsen?
it worsened political stability. There was social unrest among the classes. People were afraid of the foreigners.
Did the Restoration actually place the Emperor back into power?
Yes, but he was only a teenager and the samurai influenced him.
After the restoration, the emperor put many samurai into government and into positions of power. But how was this different from the previous political system?
The samurai worked for the government instead of individual daimyo.
Why was Japan’s victory over Russia so important?
It showed that Japan was stronger than European countries. European armies were not invincible.
