Industrial Revolution Flashcards
The Industrial Revolution =
Great transformation in industry + science + technology
Led to a process of industrialisation + modernisation
Most important features = use of machines - also called the age of machines
Factors for the IR to start in Britain
Raw materials: sufficient natural resources
Labour force: population growth in towns
Capital: accumulation of private and national capital
Markets: expansion of domestic and international trade markets
Division of labour: development of workshops
Technology: encouragement of invention and scientific research
Explain raw materials: sufficient natural resources
B was rich in coal and iron + well-developed transportation network
There was enclosure movement - lands were changed into pastures for sheep farming - providing wool for textile industry
Explain labour force
Many farmers lost their jobs due to enclosure movement
They rushed to towns for work
Provided labour force for industrial development
Explain capital
Some British became rich through international trading + British government issued bonds to raise capital + they sold patents to merchants earned from overseas colonies - Britain has sufficient capital for industrial development
Explain markets
Growth of population provided huge domestic market for industrial products + Britain had been expanding to American/Asia/Africa after the Voyages of discovery
Demands for the commodities increased
British re0laced human labour with machines
Explain division of labour
Before IR: mainly belonged to the domestic industry - did not produce efficiently
- British established workshops - craftsmen assembled in workshops and worked together - division of labour developed- raised production rate + specialisation of tools
- favoured the invention of machines
Explain technology
The renaissance + the scientific revolution led to the invention and scientific research in Britain
Britain passed the statue f monopolies to protect the interests of 8nventors
Britain established the Royal Society to nurture scientists
Change of power
Manpower-steam-coal- electricity
Industry
-textile industry
Kay: flying shuttle
Spinning Jenny
-steel industry
Used coal to smelt steel
-machine manufacturing
Used machines to make machines
Transportation
-Fulton:steamboat
-cugnot: 1st steam locomotive
-Stephenson: stem locomotive rocket
-macadam: new method to build road
-Benz: first motor vehicle
Communication
- telegram was invented
- morse: morse code
- meucci: invention of the telephone
- bell: improved to telephone
Medicine
- roentgen: x-rays
- mr and mrs curie: radium to treat cancer
Agriculture
- Tull: seed drill
- invention of fertilisers/crop rotation/scientific breeding
- agriculture revolution
