F2 - SEM2 - EUROPEAN COLONIAL EXPANSION - 6.1

Question 1

What are the 5 factors of European colonial expansion?

Answer 1

PRITE

• Economic
• Political
• Religious
• Intellectual
• Technology

Question 2

What are the economic factors for the European colonial expansion?

Answer 2

• Blocking of the East-West routes
• Economic transformation brought by the 18th-century Industrial Revolution

Question 3

Explain how the blocking of the East-West routes promoted the European colonial expansion.

Answer 3

• Great demand of Asian product in Europe
• => Muslim and Italian merchants controlled East-West routes since 14 century
• => Western Europe countries wanted to get rid of their control
• => Western Europe countries wanted to find a sea route to India and China

Question 4

Explain how economic transformation brought by 18th-century Industrial Revolution promoted European colonial expansion

Answer 4

• **Set up colonies to sell the industrial product oversea **- European markets could not take huge amount of industrial products
• Set up colonies to get cheap raw material and food - increasing demands for raw material as the European countries were rapidly industrialised and growing population in industrial towns

Question 5

Explain how the political factors promoted the expansion of European colonies

Answer 5

In 15th century, Kings and nobles in Spain and Portugal sent navigators and fleets overseas to expand their territories

Question 6

Explain how the religious factors promoted the expansion of European colonies

Answer 6

• Roman Catholic Church encouraged missionaries to preach oversea in the Medieval Times
• Protestant branches sent their missionaries overseas after the Reformation in the 16th century

Question 7

Explain how intellectual factors promoted the expansion of European colonies

Answer 7

• Adventurous spirit of navigator - some navigators sailed west to reach the East as they believed the concept of the Earth being a sphere, others wanted to get rich through adventures in India and China after reading the travels of Marco Polo
• The idea of “the white man’s burden” - European sent missionaries to Asia to teach Asians their culture as they believed that they had duty to rule coloured peoples and taught them their cultures
• Influence of nationalism - extreme nationalism in the 19th century drove European countries compete with each other to setup colonies overseas and prevent others from expansion

Question 8

Explain how the technological factors promoted the expansion of European colonies

Answer 8

**Improvement in technologies in support of long voyages since 15th century **- compasses, navigation maps and full-rigged sailing ships
Discoveries of new sea routes and lands in the 15th and 16th century - new sea routes to India, discovery of America, voyages around the world

Question 9

Which country was the first European country to explore new sea route to India?1

Answer 9

Portugal was the first country to explore new sea route
Bartholomew Diaz - first European entered the Indian Ocean
Vasco da Gama - completed first voyage from Western Europe to India

Question 10

Who was the 1st person discover America?

Answer 10

Christopher Columbus reached Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti
called native people “Indian” as he thought he had reached India

Question 11

Who did found out Columbus not land India but America?

Answer 11

Amerigo Vespucci
Therefore, America was named after Amerigo Vespucci

Question 12

How did sail across te Atlantic Ocean, entered Pacific Ocean?

Answer 12

Ferdinand Magellan