Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Time Period

Answer 1

1700-1900

18th-19th century

Question 2

Context

Answer 2

• Period of the industrial revolution
• Growth of towns and cities
• Population rose from 10M to 40M
• Increased humanitarian attitudes
• Growing British empire and trade
• Reduced role of religion
• Government key in law making

Question 3

Crimes

Same crimes, new changes

Answer 3

• Smuggling
  >social crime
  > now there’s smuggling gangs as its more organised and supported by the upper classes
• Highway robbery
  >medieval-attacking walkers travelling to different towns
  >now its more common due to more trade, isolated roads, stagecoaches, more goods and cash carried
  >1772- made a capital crime
  >Declined once banks were created

-Poaching
>problem for rich land owners
>now more organised and involves gangs, gov make laws harsher in response

Question 4

Punishments

Answer 4

CHANGE
- Bow Street Runners established in 1748 by Henry Feilding

CONTINUITY

• Town and parish constables still used even after 1829 MET police
• Watchmen still protect wealthy property
• Bow Street Runners had a similar function to Thief Takers

Question 5

Law Enforcement
Case study
Pentonville prison 1842

Answer 5

• 5 wings, staff base in central area, 520 prisoners
• Iron bars, thick glass, one toilet/water basin per cell
• Lived in separate cells for 23 hours per day
• Highly disciplined
• Thick walls meant no communication which led to mental health issues
• Reform through religious faith
• Makes them pay for their behaviour> retribution
• Allowed out for exercise for a short period
• Boring and repetitive work
• Hard work to pay back society
• Removes criminals from environment they were criminals in
• Humanitarians like Fry and Howard called for improvements

Question 6

1829 MET Police Act

Answer 6

• Peel disagreed with harsh punishments to deter
• Parliament passed MET Police Act
• Wore normal clothes so weren’t intimidating
• Eventually got uniforms, top hat and blue coats
• Promotions and Incentives offered
• Optional across the country due to public concerns
• More people than BSR
• Peel wanted them to be seen positively

Question 7

1856 Police Act

Answer 7

• Compulsory for all towns and counties to set up a police force
• Inspected by gov officials
• Only funded by gov if they decided they were effective in that town
• Aimed to deter through detection

Question 8

1869 National crime records

Answer 8

• New technology in policing

- Forces communicated to share information on criminals and suspects

Question 9

1878 Start of CID

Answer 9

• 1842- Detective branch in Scotland established, wore plain clothes, accused of being spies in public
• 1878- CID set up, 200 detectives employed
• 1883- 600 more added, new methods of detection added

Question 10

What did Elizabeth Fry do?

Answer 10

• Wrote letters and campaigned
• Provided prisoners with clothing and furniture
• Organises education for women and children
• Leads bible classes and teaches sewing
• Wants better conditions
• Charity work
• Encouraged for female workers to be employed for female prisoners

Question 11

What did John Howard do?

Answer 11

• Makes visits to jails around the country
• Believes prisoners will change if given suitable conditions
• Recommends clean, decent food
• Private cells- reflection time
• Christian teachings