Industrial Rev. test Flashcards
enclosure movement
-villages shrunk -> cities grew
-farm output -> profits up, less workers
People moved to cities
crop rotation
changing what you harvest every season, for the nutrients in the soil
population boom
englands pop. up to 5 mil. in 1700 to 9 mil. in 1800
death rates down, less famine, better hygiene and sanitation
Luddites
against machines, broke machines
labor unions
were made illegal, had to be a secret
Growth of middle class from
child labor laws
Agricultural Rev.
1st- 11,000 years ago= farms, domestic animals
2nd- 300 years ago = quality and quantity
Putting out (domestic) system
Girls work at home, then moved to factories
Charles dickens
- Hated the industrial rev
- Thinks of factory people as “hands”, dehumanizes them
- Facts can’t predict people
Early industries of the 1700’s
Started in England, with textiles
Capitalism
- Private ownership
- more goods at lower prices
- Adam smith, David Ricardo
Interchangeable
Make all parts equal, can take apart and put back together
Collective bargaining
Unions, power of numbers
Life of the working class
- Worked long hard hours for minimal pay
- 12-14 hour shifts
- children worked
Laissez-faire/ economics
- hands off
- gov. Shouldn’t interfere in the country
- free market=capitalism
- wealth and means of producing it are privately owned
Utilitarianism
- advocate by British philosopher/ economist Jeremy Bentham
- goal of society=greatest happiness for the greatest number
- gov. Needs to get involved on certain equations
What does john Stuart believe?
Gov should help working class; they need to vote to enact reforms
