French Rev. & Napoleon Flashcards
1
Q
What type of Gov. was the “Ancient Regime”?
A
An absolute monarchy w/ feudal powers
2
Q
Who was in charge of the Ancient Regime? How old / what did he do?
A
Louis XVI (16)
19 yrs old
Weak Leader
3
Q
First Estate
A
- Clergy
- 0.5% of Pop.
- owned 10% of the land
- didn’t pay taxes
- provided social services (schools for orphans)
4
Q
Second Estate
A
- 1.5% of Pop.
- owned 20% of land
- received top Gov. jobs
- owned land but had little $
- No taxes
5
Q
Third Estate
A
- Comoners
- 98% of Pop.
- owned 70% of land
- top 1/3= “bourgeoisie”
- poorest/ workers
- TAXES
6
Q
Cahiers
A
notebooks listing grievances (complaints)
7
Q
deficit spending
A
spending more than you make
8
Q
Estates General
A
- called after 175 years
- meeting in 1784
- each estate voted, 1 and 2 teamed up against 3
- 3 wanted votes counted “by head”
9
Q
tennis court oath / Estates Revolt
A
- When the 3rd estate revolted against the other 2 estates
- met at tennis courts until they got a fair constitution
10
Q
new national assembly
A
- what the 3rd estate declared itself
- joined by reformed minded nobles and clergy: louis XVI had to accept
11
Q
Bastille Day
A
- July 14, 1789
- Prison was stormed
- symbol of the absolute monarchy
- mob looked for arms, but no ammunition, headed to the bastille in search
- first group invited into bastille
- second group got message of the surrender
- fighting until Launay threatened to blow up the prison
- he surrendered and was beheaded
12
Q
declaration of the rights to man
A
the new constitution
- based on mans rights
- freedom of religion
- equitable taxation
- due process under the law
- resistance to oppression
- liberty, property, security
13
Q
Olympe de Gouges
A
- challenged the declaration of the rights of Man
- tried for treason and was executed
- Most outspoken woman
14
Q
Jacobins
A
Political Radicals
15
Q
girondins
A
moderate political group
16
Q
Guillotine
A
thought of as humane, quick
17
Q
How did France obtain a sense of nationalism?
A
declaring war on Britain, Holland, Spain
18
Q
Reign of Terror
A
- Robespierre in charge
- accused 1,000’s of people of being enemies of the republic and were executed
- killed anyone that threatened his power
19
Q
september masacre
A
- citizens attack 1st and 2nd estates 12,000 die
- Jacobins seize the asembly and create the national convention
- all male citizens get right to vote
20
Q
committee of public safety
A
- formed to deal with the threats made to France
- outside: Wars
- Inside: internal divisions between sans culottes, jacobins, and gerondins
21
Q
robespierre
A
- head of the committee of public safety
- jacobins call him “the incorruptible”
- like Rousseaus idea of general will
- Thought: “Republic of virtue” can only be achieved through use of terror, viewed as “Prompt, Severe justice”
- liberty can’t be ensured until criminals are beheaded
- head of the reign of terror!!
22
Q
bourgeoisie
A
upper end of the 3rd estate`
23
Q
Marie Antoinete
A
didn’t understand the struggle between the rich and poor and having enough food.
24
Q
tithe
A
tax, equal to one 10th a persons earnings
25
sans -cullotes
what the radicals or jacobins were often called
26
the great fear
after the new Gov. in France was established and became a constitutional monarchy, citizens fled the country
27
constitution of 1791
- France became a constitutional monarchy
| - second estate abolished
28
The directory
- New gov estab.
- 5 leaders elected
- moved backwards
29
end of directory
- failed to restore order and calm France
- consulate was estab.
- Napol. was elected first consul
30
Mass levy
universal conscription, jobs for everyone
31
Napoleon Bonaparte Pro's
- takes power from directory
- French vote him for emperor
- patch relationships up with catholic church
- fixed frances tax problems
32
Napoleon Bonaparte Con's
- empire too big to control
- he was his own worst enemy
- his control over other countries made them realize that they were more loyal to their own people than Napol.
33
blockade
- was designed to cut england off from europe
- lost at trafalger
- tried to exclude them from Europe
34
problems with continental system
- wasn't strong enough- weakened British trade
| - weakened France's economy
35
Napoleonic code
uniform laws for all (except Woman and Slaves)
36
Elba
-place where Napoleon was banished to and escaped
37
battle of waterloo
- fight between Napoleon and British
- June 15, 1815
- French lost
38
invasion of russia
- Napol. and Czar were allies
- N thought C was selling grain to Britan behind his back
- thought czar wanted poland from france
- decided to invade russia
2. - Russians used scorched earth policy
- N waited for a peace offer- never came, soldiers barefoot and cold from snow
- froze to death
- from 600,000 to 10,000 soldiers
- N sent to elba
39
why does Napoleon come back?
brother of Louis XVI was unpopular
40
penninsular War
- removed king of spain and placed his brother as king
- spanish loyal to king
- 5 years of guerilla warfare
- encouraged nationalism in other countries
41
concordat of 1801
when N fixed problems/ relationships with the church
42
battle of trafalgar
Britian vs France
| N decides to do the continental system (Vut england off from europe)
43
dictatorship
rule by one
44
emigres
citizens that fled the country
45
who was marat
he was stabbed to death in a bath tub
46
1 result o fthe congress of vienna
peace in europe
47
name of the blockade by N
continental system
48
battle that ends N reign
battle of waterloo
49
congress of vienna
internal gathering sent out to create peace in europe
50
olympe de gouges
womans rights enthusiasts
51
why did kings have to raise taxes before the French Rev.
bc of deficit spending
52
sans coullets
radical urban workers
53
what did the people of the tennis call themselves?
the national assembly
54
why did louis XVI call the estates general?
in debt, needed money from taxes
55
how did N get elected
Plebicite voted for him
56
Document stating the natural rights of man
declaration to the rights of man
57
St. helena
where N was sent to after 2nd time of being banished
58
results of the congress of vienna?
peace in europe
59
abdicates
accepting surrender
60
penninsular war
N placed brother as king of spain, citizens un happy, rebeled with guerilla warfare for 5 years
encouraged nationalism in other countries
61
N's social acheivments
- Fixing relationships with church
- making the same laws for everyone except for women and slaves
- fixed frances tax problems
62
Nationalism
Patriotic feeling or efforts
63
Victor Emmanuel
Was the first king of United Italy
