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Western Civ > French Rev. & Napoleon > Flashcards

French Rev. & Napoleon Flashcards

1
Q

What type of Gov. was the “Ancient Regime”?

A

An absolute monarchy w/ feudal powers

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2
Q

Who was in charge of the Ancient Regime? How old / what did he do?

A

Louis XVI (16)
19 yrs old
Weak Leader

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3
Q

First Estate

A
  • Clergy
  • 0.5% of Pop.
  • owned 10% of the land
  • didn’t pay taxes
  • provided social services (schools for orphans)
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4
Q

Second Estate

A
  • 1.5% of Pop.
  • owned 20% of land
  • received top Gov. jobs
  • owned land but had little $
  • No taxes
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5
Q

Third Estate

A
  • Comoners
  • 98% of Pop.
  • owned 70% of land
  • top 1/3= “bourgeoisie”
  • poorest/ workers
  • TAXES
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6
Q

Cahiers

A

notebooks listing grievances (complaints)

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7
Q

deficit spending

A

spending more than you make

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8
Q

Estates General

A
  • called after 175 years
  • meeting in 1784
  • each estate voted, 1 and 2 teamed up against 3
  • 3 wanted votes counted “by head”
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9
Q

tennis court oath / Estates Revolt

A
  • When the 3rd estate revolted against the other 2 estates

- met at tennis courts until they got a fair constitution

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10
Q

new national assembly

A
  • what the 3rd estate declared itself

- joined by reformed minded nobles and clergy: louis XVI had to accept

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11
Q

Bastille Day

A
  • July 14, 1789
  • Prison was stormed
  • symbol of the absolute monarchy
  • mob looked for arms, but no ammunition, headed to the bastille in search
  • first group invited into bastille
  • second group got message of the surrender
  • fighting until Launay threatened to blow up the prison
  • he surrendered and was beheaded
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12
Q

declaration of the rights to man

A

the new constitution

  • based on mans rights
  • freedom of religion
  • equitable taxation
  • due process under the law
  • resistance to oppression
  • liberty, property, security
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13
Q

Olympe de Gouges

A
  • challenged the declaration of the rights of Man
  • tried for treason and was executed
  • Most outspoken woman
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14
Q

Jacobins

A

Political Radicals

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15
Q

girondins

A

moderate political group

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16
Q

Guillotine

A

thought of as humane, quick

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17
Q

How did France obtain a sense of nationalism?

A

declaring war on Britain, Holland, Spain

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18
Q

Reign of Terror

A
  • Robespierre in charge
  • accused 1,000’s of people of being enemies of the republic and were executed
  • killed anyone that threatened his power
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19
Q

september masacre

A
  • citizens attack 1st and 2nd estates 12,000 die
  • Jacobins seize the asembly and create the national convention
  • all male citizens get right to vote
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20
Q

committee of public safety

A
  • formed to deal with the threats made to France
  • outside: Wars
  • Inside: internal divisions between sans culottes, jacobins, and gerondins
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21
Q

robespierre

A
  • head of the committee of public safety
  • jacobins call him “the incorruptible”
  • like Rousseaus idea of general will
  • Thought: “Republic of virtue” can only be achieved through use of terror, viewed as “Prompt, Severe justice”
  • liberty can’t be ensured until criminals are beheaded
  • head of the reign of terror!!
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22
Q

bourgeoisie

A

upper end of the 3rd estate`

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23
Q

Marie Antoinete

A

didn’t understand the struggle between the rich and poor and having enough food.

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24
Q

tithe

A

tax, equal to one 10th a persons earnings

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25
Q

sans -cullotes

A

what the radicals or jacobins were often called

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26
Q

the great fear

A

after the new Gov. in France was established and became a constitutional monarchy, citizens fled the country

27
Q

constitution of 1791

A
  • France became a constitutional monarchy

- second estate abolished

28
Q

The directory

A
  • New gov estab.
  • 5 leaders elected
  • moved backwards
29
Q

end of directory

A
  • failed to restore order and calm France
  • consulate was estab.
  • Napol. was elected first consul
30
Q

Mass levy

A

universal conscription, jobs for everyone

31
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte Pro’s

A
  • takes power from directory
  • French vote him for emperor
  • patch relationships up with catholic church
  • fixed frances tax problems
32
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte Con’s

A
  • empire too big to control
  • he was his own worst enemy
  • his control over other countries made them realize that they were more loyal to their own people than Napol.
33
Q

blockade

A
  • was designed to cut england off from europe
  • lost at trafalger
  • tried to exclude them from Europe
34
Q

problems with continental system

A
  • wasn’t strong enough- weakened British trade

- weakened France’s economy

35
Q

Napoleonic code

A

uniform laws for all (except Woman and Slaves)

36
Q

Elba

A

-place where Napoleon was banished to and escaped

37
Q

battle of waterloo

A
  • fight between Napoleon and British
  • June 15, 1815
  • French lost
38
Q

invasion of russia

A
  • Napol. and Czar were allies
  • N thought C was selling grain to Britan behind his back
  • thought czar wanted poland from france
  • decided to invade russia
    2. - Russians used scorched earth policy
  • N waited for a peace offer- never came, soldiers barefoot and cold from snow
  • froze to death
  • from 600,000 to 10,000 soldiers
  • N sent to elba
39
Q

why does Napoleon come back?

A

brother of Louis XVI was unpopular

40
Q

penninsular War

A
  • removed king of spain and placed his brother as king
  • spanish loyal to king
  • 5 years of guerilla warfare
  • encouraged nationalism in other countries
41
Q

concordat of 1801

A

when N fixed problems/ relationships with the church

42
Q

battle of trafalgar

A

Britian vs France

N decides to do the continental system (Vut england off from europe)

43
Q

dictatorship

A

rule by one

44
Q

emigres

A

citizens that fled the country

45
Q

who was marat

A

he was stabbed to death in a bath tub

46
Q

1 result o fthe congress of vienna

A

peace in europe

47
Q

name of the blockade by N

A

continental system

48
Q

battle that ends N reign

A

battle of waterloo

49
Q

congress of vienna

A

internal gathering sent out to create peace in europe

50
Q

olympe de gouges

A

womans rights enthusiasts

51
Q

why did kings have to raise taxes before the French Rev.

A

bc of deficit spending

52
Q

sans coullets

A

radical urban workers

53
Q

what did the people of the tennis call themselves?

A

the national assembly

54
Q

why did louis XVI call the estates general?

A

in debt, needed money from taxes

55
Q

how did N get elected

A

Plebicite voted for him

56
Q

Document stating the natural rights of man

A

declaration to the rights of man

57
Q

St. helena

A

where N was sent to after 2nd time of being banished

58
Q

results of the congress of vienna?

A

peace in europe

59
Q

abdicates

A

accepting surrender

60
Q

penninsular war

A

N placed brother as king of spain, citizens un happy, rebeled with guerilla warfare for 5 years
encouraged nationalism in other countries

61
Q

N’s social acheivments

A
  • Fixing relationships with church
  • making the same laws for everyone except for women and slaves
  • fixed frances tax problems
62
Q

Nationalism

A

Patriotic feeling or efforts

63
Q

Victor Emmanuel

A

Was the first king of United Italy

Western Civ (6 decks)

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