Industrial Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

When was Germ Theory discovered?

A

1861

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2
Q

What did Robert Koch use to identify bacteria?

A

Chemical dyes and powerful microscopes.

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3
Q

Name one disease that Robert Koch identified?

A

TB 1882.
Cholera 1883.

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4
Q

What did Koch’s discovery enable Pasteur to do?

A

Develop vaccines using weakened bacteria. - Anthrax, Cholera, & Rabies

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5
Q

What did Nightingale cut the death rate at Scutari hospital to?

A

42% - 2%.

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6
Q

What did Simpson discover in 1847?

A

Chloroform.

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7
Q

When did Lister develop carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

A

1867.

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8
Q

When did Jenner discover that cowpox could prevent smallpox?

A

1796.

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9
Q

When did the government make smallpox vaccination compulsory?

A

1852 and enforced after 1871.

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10
Q

When was the first outbreak of cholera?

A

1831.

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11
Q

Why was the first Public Health Act 1848 limited?

A

It was not compulsory, only optional.

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12
Q

What was the Great Stink (1858)?

A

Sewage in the River Thames smelt so bad that Parliament had to be closed down.

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13
Q

How many miles of sewers did Bazalgette build in London by 1866?

A

1300 miles.

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14
Q

What did the Public Health Act of 1875 state?

A

Local authorities had to provide sewers, fresh water, paved streets and drains.

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15
Q

What did John Snow discover in 1854?

A

Cholera was spread through dirty water. He proved this by removing the handle off the pump on Broad Street.

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16
Q

Why did public health get worse during the 19th Century?

A

Outbreak of diseases like cholera.
Overcrowding in the cities led to the development of slum housing.
No sanitation

17
Q

When did Chadwick publish his report into public health?

A

In 1842. He linked poverty, dirt and disease.

18
Q

When did Nightingale publish “Notes on Nursing”.

A

1859

19
Q

What impact did the discovery of antiseptics have?

A

It cut the death rate in Lister’s unit from 46% - 15%.

20
Q

What problem in surgery was not resolved in the 1800s?

A

Blood loss as transfusions were not possible - blood types had not been identified.