Industrial Britain Flashcards
When was the bloody code
18th century-19th century
What did the government do when centralising activities
Make laws in London applicable to everyone rather than a lord from certain area
Population in industrial
As with early modern industrial Britain began to boom even further but with greater efficiency in farming methods meant that there was enough food to support a growing society. Health care meant people living longer
Why did migration from from small villages into towns increase
Impact of industrialisation was decreased need for farm labour and greater need for factory workers
What did the combination of the Rebeca riots and peterloo events cause
Some laws to change
News paper tax?
Making them more expensive to make harder for protestors to spread messages as fewer people could afford them
Why were trials faster
Make sure public disorder could be dealt with swiftly making it easier for government to make examples of people cause problems
What’s Transportation
Form of punishment in mid 18th century and early 19th century that involved taking convicted criminals to another country to become slaves for foreign land owners
Why transportation?
Bloody code less popular
Prisons didn’t really exist holding cells mainly
What happened to transported convicts
Sentenced to transportation for a term between 3 and 7 years problem was journey could take up to 9 months before sentence started as hadn’t arrived yet
Sometimes families would go with them
Why did transportation end
In 1857 because many felt it was more holiday than punishment
Wasn’t effective
Australians didn’t like the amount of English
Convicts weren’t treated right
After prison reformation that was more practical
Elizabeth fry?
As a Quaker she believes everyone had chance of reformation so this prompted her to volunteer in women’s prisons. She was horrified by the conditions so she spent her time education the women and gained a political voice causing men and women to be speedster and female guards for female prisons
John Howard?
Shocked by conditions as he was a high sheriff so had opportunity to inspect prisons
Published a paper outlining problems
Although he didn’t achieve anything he made awareness ready for Elizabeth fry
Problems with old prisons
Damp dirty overcrowded and everyone together
Didn’t have special wings for violent criminals so murdered with a robber
Jailers unpaid, made money buy charging inmates for basic tasks
The first reform act 1820
Robert peel passed the act which stipulated prisons needed separate areas for various types of criminals
Jailers paid
Conditions to be inspected
Unfortunately this act only applied to larger prisons so was ignored in many cases but did represent start in the change
The separate system
Permanent solitary confinement
Silent system
Given hard work to be done in silence so prison didn’t seem too soft
The bow street runners 1754
Group of constables who operated out of bow street magistrates court in London under sir john fielding
Trained his men,had uniform and paid them
Drawback only operated in small area of London
Metropolitan police act 1829
First official police force backed in London
Inspired by work of bow street runners
Old system of watchmen and constables weren’t sufficient to prevent crime
Government thought was essential
Population increases so more overcrowding breeding grounds for criminals so police force needed
Initial reactions to police force ?
General public didn’t like them as it was new and people felt like police were snitches.
Men in uniform reminded them of soldiers so felt controlled
Peel tried to combat this by dressing his ‘peelers’ in blue opposite to soldiers red
Why did attitudes change towards police
Crime rates seen to fall so people trusted and saw their value.
Training meant they were professional and no longer got drunk
Law to prevent riots in meetings
No more than 50 people could attend a meeting
