INDUCTIVE EFFECT

Question 1

Inductive Effect

Answer 1

sigma electron displacement effect/ sigma electron polarisation effect
directional effect
weak effect
appears in GS of e
based on diff of EN
additive effect

Question 2

reference atom

Answer 2

hydrogen

Question 3

distance dep

Answer 3

after 3rd ‘C’, eff diminishes

Question 4

types

Answer 4

+I & -I

Question 5

carbocation

Answer 5

-R+
primary, secondary and tertiary carbocation

Question 6

facts about CC

Answer 6

sp2 hyb
6 sigma electrons around it
planar str
diamagnetic
stablises by +I effect but destabilizes by -I effect

Question 7

sp>sp2>sp3 {CC}

Answer 7

3 degree> 2degree> 1 degree

Question 8

more the %s chr of hyb orbital, less the stability of carbocation

Answer 8

s% in sp= 50%
s% in sp2= 33.33%
s% in sp3= 25%

Question 9

carbanion

Answer 9

sp3
non conjugated
pyramid shaped
electron rich,
diamagnetic
+I destabilise but -I stabilises

Question 10

sp>sp2>sp3 (CA)
more the s charachter, more stability

Answer 10

1>2>3

Question 11

carbon free radicle

Answer 11

having odd electron on carbon
nearly planar
sp2
paramagnetic
electorn deficient

Question 12

stability is directly proportional to +I group

Answer 12

inversely proportional to -I effect