INDUCTIVE EFFECT Flashcards
Inductive Effect
sigma electron displacement effect/ sigma electron polarisation effect
directional effect
weak effect
appears in GS of e
based on diff of EN
additive effect
reference atom
hydrogen
distance dep
after 3rd ‘C’, eff diminishes
types
+I & -I
carbocation
-R+
primary, secondary and tertiary carbocation
facts about CC
sp2 hyb
6 sigma electrons around it
planar str
diamagnetic
stablises by +I effect but destabilizes by -I effect
sp>sp2>sp3 {CC}
3 degree> 2degree> 1 degree
more the %s chr of hyb orbital, less the stability of carbocation
s% in sp= 50%
s% in sp2= 33.33%
s% in sp3= 25%
carbanion
sp3
non conjugated
pyramid shaped
electron rich,
diamagnetic
+I destabilise but -I stabilises
sp>sp2>sp3 (CA)
more the s charachter, more stability
1>2>3
carbon free radicle
having odd electron on carbon
nearly planar
sp2
paramagnetic
electorn deficient
stability is directly proportional to +I group
inversely proportional to -I effect