inductions Flashcards

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1
Q

morphogen

A

-morphogen gradient by defintion specified more than one cell type

-soluble secreted molecules which determine cell fates morphogen is a kind of a paracrine

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2
Q

paracrine

A

(medium range) diffusible signal, clear signaling molecule releases something to signal another cell

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3
Q

juxtacrine

A

(short range) giving message to nearby cell, between the environment and the cell or cell and cell

examples: cadherins, integrins generally between
1) receptor and receptor (cadherins)
2) two different receptors
3) receptors and protein in the ECM

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4
Q

endocrine

A

-Dump hormones into the blood (long range) example: LH, FSH, Progesterone, Testosterone

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5
Q

mosaic

A

autonomous

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6
Q

regulative

A

conditional

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7
Q

Animal Cap

A

ectoderm

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8
Q

Gap Junctions

A

connect the cytoplasm of neighborig cells

involved in juxtacrine signallig

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9
Q

Endoderm induction

A

Endoderm is auonomously induced by VegT and Vg1 which is laid down maternally

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10
Q

Neural Tube Induction (portion of the ectoderm)

A

The neural tube is protected by BMP induction, by BMP inhibitors from the notochord (mesoderm) This protection requires serial induction so counts as conditional induction

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11
Q

Morphogen

A

Paracrine + Ligand

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12
Q

Cadherins

A

*part of the adherin juction:

  • transmembrane
  • juxtacrine
  • protein
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13
Q

Collagen

A
  • Juxtacrine
  • DNA Encoded/ Cell product
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14
Q

Beta Catenin

A

-Intracellular

expressed at the end of the Wnt pathway as coactivator with TcF3 to activate siamois protein + acts as adhesion protein in cadherin junction

  • Juxtacrine: adhesion proteinin in cadherin juctions (intracellularly)
  • Paracrine: signalling in the dorsal endodermal region where Wnt is active

Increases Production of :

  1. C-myc
  2. Cyclin Depdent Kinase [mitotic promoting proteins!]
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15
Q

FOUR FAMILIES OF PARACRINES

A
  1. Wnt (frizzled receptor)
  2. Hedgehog
  3. TgF Beta- includes things such as BMP’s.
  4. Growth factors (fibroblast, epidermal which all use Tyrosine Kinase Receptors )
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16
Q

proteins of beta catenin inhibitor complex

A

Gsk 3

APC

CK1

Axin

17
Q

Cadherin

A

Calcium dependent adherin

Cadherins are at the adherins junction, for adhesion between cells. These receptors bind to each other (like bind like) attached to actin filaments with adhesion proteins

18
Q

ectoderm derivatives

A

epidermis

central nervous system

neural crest

[nerves and skin]

19
Q

mesoderm derivatives

A

muscle system

notochord

bone

blood

kidney

[internal organs]

20
Q

endoderm deriviatvies

A

thyroid

digestive system

respiratory tract

[digesive tract]

21
Q

microfilaments

A
  • Smallest portion of the cytoskeleton, composed of two intertwined strands of actin polymer. (action polymer made up actin monomers)
  • Help to maintain cell shape, but also changing cell shape.
  • Interact with other filaments composed of myosin
22
Q

microtubules

A
  • Largest
  • Made up of Alpha and Beta tubulin
  • Made up of tubulin pairs (dimers)
  • Can resist a lot of compression forced
  • Maintain overall shape of the cell
  • line respiratory tract (cillia)
23
Q

intermeidate filament

A
  • Can act as anchors to organelles that don’t need to move around ie: the nucleus
  • Type of IF: Lamins, compose the Nuclear Lamin, located inside the nuclear membrane