Induction And Maitenance Of Anestesia Flashcards by Samantha Capen

What are the sequence of events for anesthesia?

Pre-medication, induction, maintenance, recovery

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What is the premedication stage of anesthesia?

Patient preparation, sedation, muscle relaxation and analgesia

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What is the induction phase of anesthesia?

Injection or inhalation induced anesthesia

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What is the maintenance phase of anesthesia?

Inhalation or IV, can also be a combination of both

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What is the induction of anesthesia?

Process of transitioning into an unconscious state

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How is induction most commonly achieved?

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What is an injectable anesthetic?

Propofol

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What is an imidazole derivative injectable anesthetic?

Etomidate

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What is a nuerosteroid injectable anesthetic?

Alfaxalone

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What are barbiturate injectable anesthetics?

Thiopental, pentobarbital

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What is a dissociative injectable anesthetic?

Ketamine

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What is ketamine most useful as?

Premed

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What is the method of action for most anesthetics?

GABA agonist action

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Which med is a exception to the GABA agonist action for aesthetics?

Ketamine

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What is the method of action for ketamine anesthetic?

NMDA

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What is the most common induction drug in small animal medicine?

Propofol

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True or false propofol has a rapid and smooth onset of anesthesia

True

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What is the duration of effect of propofol

Short duration, 6–15 minutes

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True or false propofol is suitable for a C-section

True

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True or false propofol is suitable for maintenance via CRI

True

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What does propofol lack?

Anagelsia

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What is the risk of propofol?

Induction apnea

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When does induction apnea occur with propofol?

Fast administration of med

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True or false propofol has dose dependent peripheral vasodilation that leads to hypertension

True

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Is propofol metabolized quicker or slower in felines?

Slower

True or false propofol can lead to delayed recovery after long infusions

True

True or false propofol may induce hemolysis, or Heinz body formation

True

What are the two different formulas of propofol?

Propoflo, propoflo28

Which propofol does not contain a preservative

Propoflo

Which propofol is preserved in benzyl alcohol

Propoflo 28

When must you discard of Propoflo

24 hours of first use

Which induction agent is similar in effects to propofol

Alfaxalone

True or false Alfaxalone is slightly longer lasting in dogs

True

What is one risk of propofol that also occurs with Alfaxalone

Induction apnea

Which is safer propofol or Alfaxalone

Alfaxalone

Is Alfaxalone appropriate for CRI

Which induction agent causes adrenal suppression for days postop

Etomidate

Is Etomidate appropriate for CRI?

True or false Etomidate has a rough recovery

True

True or false Etomidate can cause muscle tremors

True

What are barbiturates commonly used for?

Euthanasia

What should you avoid for sight hounds?

Thiobarb

How are barbiturates classified?

Ultra short, acting, short, acting, long acting

What is an example of an ultra short acting barbiturate?

Thiopental

What is the time of effect for ultra short acting barbiturates?

5 to 15 minutes

What is an example of a short acting barbiturate?

Pentobarbital

What is the time of effect for a short acting barbiturate

45 to 90 minutes

What is an example of a long acting barbiturate?

Phenobarbital

What is the time of effect of a long acting barbiturate?

8 to 12 hours

What is the shelf life for thiopental

Five days

True or false thiopental powder form has to be reconstituted just before use

True

True or false thiopental is first answer in short duration about 20 minutes

True

What breed is thiopental contraindicated in?

Greyhounds

When is ketamine contraindicated?

Cardiac disease

True or false ketamine provides no pain relief

True

True or false ketamine prevents wind up

True

Should you use ketamine by itself?

True or false small animal recovery can be rough with ketamine

True

True or false ketamine has slower onset of action

True

True or false ketamine can be given IV or IM

True

What can ketamine cause?

Respiratory depression, increased ICP, seizures

What are other reasons for ketamine to be contraindicated?

Cranial or spinal trauma cases, glaucoma

True or false ketamine is metabolize by liver, but is minimally metabolism and cats are mostly excreted intact by kidneys

True

What disease should you be caution of with ketamine?

Renal disease

Is there a reversal for ketamine?

What should ketamine be combined with?

Benzos or Alpha two

What is the most common inhalant used in veterinary medicine?

Isoflurane

What species should you not use isoflurane

Pigs

True or false you should use isoflurane with caution, impatience with increased ICP, head, injury, or history of predilection to malignant and hypothermia

True

True or false isoflurane as dose dependent hypertension

True

What are the most hypotensive agents we use?

Inhalants

What is the difference between sevoflurane and isoflurane

More rapid induction and recovery with sevoflurane

What does TIVA stand for?

Total intravenous anesthesia

What would you do for a patient with increased ICP that needs surgery

TIVA

Which inhalant provides better recovery for exotics

Sevoflurane

What are crystalloid fluids?

Water-based solutions containing small molecules that can easily move across cell membranes

What is an example of an isotonic crystalloid fluid?

0.9% sodium chlorine

What is a example of a hypotonic crystalloid fluid?

5% dextrose in water

What is an example of a hypertonic crystalloid fluid?

7.5% sodium chloride

What are uses for crystalloid fluids?

Rehydration, maintenance of fluid balance, treatment of shock

What are advantages to crystalloid fluids

Inexpensive, widely available

What are disadvantages to crystalloid uses?

Short duration of action, large volume needed for significant intravascular expansion

What is a colloid fluid?

Solutions containing larger molecules that remain in the vascular space, increasing oncotic pressure

What is an example of a natural colloid fluid?

Plasma

What is an example of a synthetic colloid fluid?

HES hydroxyethyl starch

What are uses of colloid fluids?

Volume expansion and hypovolemic shock, treatment of hypoalbuminemia

What are advantages to colloid fluids?

Longer duration of action, smaller volumes needed for intravascular expansion

What are disadvantages for colloid fluids?

More expensive, potential for allergic reactions, risk of coagulopathy with synthetic colloids

What is alkalosis?

When the blood pH is above 7.45

What is acidosis?

When the blood pH is below 7.35

When you pay attention to alkalosis versus acidosis

Blocked cats, Addison disease