Individuals in Medicine - C1000 - 2000 Flashcards
What were the 4 humours ?
Black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm
When was the Coventry clean up ?
1421
What was Arderne’s surgery success rate ?
50%
What book did Arderne write ?
“A practice for surgery” - 1350
What did Rhazes discover ?
Allergies and fevers were natural healing methods
What book did Rhazes write ?
“El Hawi” + 200 books
What book did Avicenna write ?
“Canon of medicine”
What anaesthetic did Avicenna use ?
Cannabis and opium
What did Ibn al-Nafis discover ?
Blood circulated through the heart - disproved Galen
When did John Hunter remove an aneurysm ?
1785
What was John Hunter’s nickname ?
“Father of scientific surgery”
What book did John Hunter write ?
“Natural history of teeth”
Who did John Hunter train ?
Edward Jenner
What did Pare use instead of oil for cauterisation ?
Egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine - less painful
What did Pare write ?
“Les Oeuvres” - 1575
Who did Jenner test his theory on ?
James Phipps
When did Jenner write “ An inquiry into the cause of Cow-pox” ?
1798
How much was Jenner Given in 1802 ?
£10,000 for research
When were vaccines made compulsory ?
1853
What book did William Harvey write ?
“On the motion of the heart”
What did William Harvey discover ?
Blood pumped around the body in a circular motion
How long after William Harvey’s work were capillaries discovered ?
60 years later
Why was Vesalius different ?
Actually dissecting bodies and observing
What was grave robbing called ?
Burking
What book did Vesalius write ?
“Fabric of the human body”
What did Pasteur theorise ?
Micro-organisms caused disease
When was Germ Theory published ?
1861
What did Pasteur invent to preserve liquids ?
Pasteurisation
What vaccine did Pasteur create ?
Rabies vaccine
What did Koch do ?
Linked germs to specific diseases
When did Koch identify the bacteria causing TB ?
1882
When did Ehrlich make salvarsan 606 ?
1910
What were these new pills called ?
magic bullets
What did Lister do ?
Used carbolic acid to sterilise
What did Lister make death rates fall by ?
46% - 15% in 3 years
When did Lister create the machine to spray carbolic acid ?
1871
What did James Simpson use ?
Chloroform to reduce pain
When did John Snow publish his book about cholera ?
1849
How did John Snow prove it was caused by dirty water ?
Removed the pump handle of the pump where most people were dying - Less deaths
What Acts did John Snow influence ?
Public health acts of 1875 - Sanitary act of 1866
What did Booth and Rowntree’s reports discover ?
31% of people lived below the poverty line
What did the Booth an Rowntree reports lead to ?
Liberal reforms 1906 - 1918
How did Fleming discover penicillin ?
Left the bacteria exposed to mouldy bread when on holiday - The spores from the mould killed the bacteria
Why did Fleming fail to take advantage of penicillin ?
Couldn’t inject it into the blood stream
Who did Florey and Chain experiment on to prove the works of penicillin ?
A policeman who survived until he ran out of penicillin
How many soldiers were treated with penicillin ?
250,000 - 15% would’ve died without
What were the 5 giants of poverty on the Beveridge report ?
Disease, Want, Ignorance, Idleness, Poor living conditions
What did the Beveridge report claim ?
We need government support “from cradle to grave”
How many copies did the Beveridge report sell ?
100,000
What did Landsteiner discover ?
Blood types to match donors
How long could blood last with an anti-coagulant ?
28 days
How many blood donors were there in WW2 ?
700,000
How many soldiers received a skin graft treatment ?
5,000
Who invented skin grafting ?
Harold Gillies
