Individualistic Theories Flashcards
What are the three types of individualistic theories
Learning theories
Psychodynamic
Psychological theories
What do learning theories assume
That our behaviour are learnt from those around us, in particular our friends and family
An example of a learning theory
Bandura
What did Bandura believe
That if child observes behaviours, then will then either copy or reject these behaviours
What are the 4 key words of Bandura theroy and what do they mean
Attention - we watch the role model
Retention - we remember the behaviour
Reproduction - we copy the behaviour
Motivation - we are rewarded in some way for the behaviour
What experiment did Bandura carry out
Bobo Doll experiment (1963)
Explain the Bobo Doll experiment
There were two groups of children in different scenarios -
One with a role model being aggressive to the bobo doll
Another with a role model being non-aggressive to the bobo doll
What were the results of the Bobo Doll experiment
That both groups copied the actions of their role models
Give 2 advantages of Banduras Bobo Doll experiment
Equal amount of boys and girls where being studied- more valid&useful
Children didn’t know they were being observed - increases reliability
Give 2 disadvantages of Banduras Bobo Doll experiment
Parents consent wasnt given - ethical issues
Children may have thought they needed to repeat the actions due to the doll being in the room
Name a psychodynamic theory
Freud
What did Freud theory focus on
That the mind has three parts to it, which control our behaviour
What are the three parts of the mind Freud focuses on
ID
Ego
Superego
What is the ID
The pleasure principle
What is the Ego
The reality - balance between good and bad
What is the superego
The good side - morality principle
Give 2 advantages of Freud theory
The theory was built from valid Ii ik
Freud generated his theory from in depth case studies - in depth info
What did Freud say a healthy personality needs
A balance of all three parts
When did Freud say we see a disturbed personality
If there isn’t a balance between the three parts
Name a psychological theory
Eysenck (personality theory)
What did Eysenck focus his theory on
The personality
What did Eysenck believe
That certain personality types are more likely to commit crime
What did Eysenck base his results off
A personality questionnaire he sent out to 700 soldiers at the hospital he worked
How many dimensions did Eysenck say the personality had
Three
What does PEN personality stand for in Eysenck theory
Psychotic
Extrovert
Neurotic
What did Eysenck say about PEN personalities
That they are more likely to offend
Two disadvantages of Freud phycodynamic theory)
Unscientific - no prof that the unconscious mind even exists
Studies he used may be subjective - others could interpret them differently
Two advantages of Eysenck theory
Research forms the basis of modern personality tests
Useful as it means possible interventions could be put in place to stop certain personalities developing
Two disadvantages of Eysenck theory
Deterministic - people don’t behave consistently in differently situations
Research compares offenders / non- offenders - doesn’t consider those who don’t get caught
