Individualistic Theories

Question 1

What are the three types of individualistic theories

Answer 1

Learning theories

Psychodynamic

Psychological theories

Question 2

What do learning theories assume

Answer 2

That our behaviour are learnt from those around us, in particular our friends and family

Question 3

An example of a learning theory

Answer 3

Bandura

Question 4

What did Bandura believe

Answer 4

That if child observes behaviours, then will then either copy or reject these behaviours

Question 5

What are the 4 key words of Bandura theroy and what do they mean

Answer 5

Attention - we watch the role model

Retention - we remember the behaviour

Reproduction - we copy the behaviour

Motivation - we are rewarded in some way for the behaviour

Question 6

What experiment did Bandura carry out

Answer 6

Bobo Doll experiment (1963)

Question 7

Explain the Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 7

There were two groups of children in different scenarios -
One with a role model being aggressive to the bobo doll
Another with a role model being non-aggressive to the bobo doll

Question 8

What were the results of the Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 8

That both groups copied the actions of their role models

Question 9

Give 2 advantages of Banduras Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 9

Equal amount of boys and girls where being studied- more valid&useful

Children didn’t know they were being observed - increases reliability

Question 10

Give 2 disadvantages of Banduras Bobo Doll experiment

Answer 10

Parents consent wasnt given - ethical issues

Children may have thought they needed to repeat the actions due to the doll being in the room

Question 11

Name a psychodynamic theory

Answer 11

Freud

Question 12

What did Freud theory focus on

Answer 12

That the mind has three parts to it, which control our behaviour

Question 13

What are the three parts of the mind Freud focuses on

Answer 13

ID
Ego
Superego

Question 14

What is the ID

Answer 14

The pleasure principle

Question 15

What is the Ego

Answer 15

The reality - balance between good and bad

Question 16

What is the superego

Answer 16

The good side - morality principle

Question 17

Give 2 advantages of Freud theory

Answer 17

The theory was built from valid Ii ik

Freud generated his theory from in depth case studies - in depth info

Question 18

What did Freud say a healthy personality needs

Answer 18

A balance of all three parts

Question 19

When did Freud say we see a disturbed personality

Answer 19

If there isn’t a balance between the three parts

Question 20

Name a psychological theory

Answer 20

Eysenck (personality theory)

Question 21

What did Eysenck focus his theory on

Answer 21

The personality

Question 22

What did Eysenck believe

Answer 22

That certain personality types are more likely to commit crime

Question 23

What did Eysenck base his results off

Answer 23

A personality questionnaire he sent out to 700 soldiers at the hospital he worked

Question 24

How many dimensions did Eysenck say the personality had

Answer 24

Three

Question 25

What does PEN personality stand for in Eysenck theory

Answer 25

Psychotic Extrovert Neurotic

Question 26

What did Eysenck say about PEN personalities

Answer 26

That they are more likely to offend

Question 27

Two disadvantages of Freud phycodynamic theory)

Answer 27

Unscientific - no prof that the unconscious mind even exists Studies he used may be subjective - others could interpret them differently

Question 28

Two advantages of Eysenck theory

Answer 28

Research forms the basis of modern personality tests Useful as it means possible interventions could be put in place to stop certain personalities developing

Question 29

Two disadvantages of Eysenck theory

Answer 29

Deterministic - people don’t behave consistently in differently situations Research compares offenders / non- offenders - doesn’t consider those who don’t get caught