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Criminology - Unit 2 > 1.2 - Social Construction > Flashcards

1.2 - Social Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three reasons why laws change

A

Place

Time

Culture

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2
Q

What are the three examples of how laws change from place to place

A

Possession of cannabis

Jaywalking

FGM

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3
Q

Where is possession of cannabis legal

A

Jamaica

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4
Q

Where is possession of cannabis illegal

A

England

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5
Q

Why do the laws on possession of cannabis change depending on the place

A

As some governments believe they can make it safer

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6
Q

Where is Jaywalking legal

A

The UK

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7
Q

Where is Jaywalking illegal

A

USA - California

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8
Q

Why do laws on jaywalking change depending on the place

A

As most pedestrians have the choice to decide if it’s safe to cross the road or not

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9
Q

Where is FGM legal

A

Mali , Liberia

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10
Q

Where is FGM illegal

A

Egypt, England

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11
Q

Why do laws on FGM change depending on the place

A

As society/culture view it differently to others

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12
Q

What are the three examples of how laws change from culture to culture

A

Adultery

Honour crimes

Homosexuality

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13
Q

Where is adultery legal

A

Indian

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14
Q

Why is adultery legal in countries such as Indian

A

Because laws vary due to people’s religion and their views

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15
Q

Where is adultery illegal

A

21 US states

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16
Q

Where are honour crimes viewed as acceptable

A

Mostly Asian families

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17
Q

Why are honour crimes accepted in some Asian families

A

Because they protect a family’s reputation

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18
Q

Where is homosexuality legal and accepted

A

The UK

19
Q

Where is homosexuality illegal and not accepted

A

In 72 African countries

20
Q

Why is homosexuality illegal in most African countries

A

Because some cultures are not accepting

21
Q

Name 4 examples of how laws have changed over time

A

Capital punishment

Double jeopardy

Vagrancy

Homosexuality

22
Q

When was capital punishment legal

A

In the 18th century

23
Q

In the 18th century how many crimes were punishable by death

A

Over 200

24
Q

When was capital punishment abolished

A

1965

25
Q

Why was capital punishment abolished

A

Protects from miscarriages of justice as DNA developed many had been wrongly accused

26
Q

What law did Ann Ming’s campaign get abolished

A

The law that prevented a person being tried twice for the same offence

27
Q

How did double jeopardy come around

A

Due to technological and medical advances - allowing new evidence

28
Q

What is vagrancy

A

Homelessness / begging

29
Q

What act is vagrancy illegal under

A

The 1824 Vagrancy Act

30
Q

Why have laws on vagrancy changed

A

Because the public have become more sympathetic and concerned

31
Q

When did homosexuality significantly start changing

A

The last 50 years

32
Q

Why have laws on homosexuality changed

A

Because society is more understanding

33
Q

When was homosexuality decriminalised

A

1967

34
Q

When did gay marriages become legal

A

2014

35
Q

Name one factor that influences how laws are applied differently

A

Age

36
Q

What is an example of how laws are applied differently because of age

A

The age of criminal responsibility
UK - 10
Canada - 12
Bangladesh - 9

37
Q

What is a social construction

A

Something which is not naturally occurring or pre existing

38
Q

What does Becker believe is a social construction

A

Crime

39
Q

Why does Becker believe crime is a social construction

A

Because it’s just individuals/societies interpretation of what is crime and what is deviance

40
Q

What is situational deviance

A

This is when an act is considered criminal or deviant in one situation but not another

41
Q

What is an example of situational deviance

A

In the UK murder is a crime but in a war zone British soldiers are trained to kill and not be viewed as negatively

42
Q

Which theorists believes in situational deviance

A

Ken Plummer

43
Q

What idea does Becker reject

A

That crime and deviance are natural and universal - says they are labels

44
Q

What definitions does Becker believe are flexible

A

Definitions of what is criminal and deviant

Criminology - Unit 2 (9 decks)

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