Individualistic evaluation

Question 1

Freud

Answer 1

+ point to the importance of early socialisation and family relationships
+ Psychoanalysis has had influences on developing polices to deal with crime
- does the unconscious mind actually exist
- psychoanalysis is subjective so involves trusting the individual to agree

Question 2

Bowlby

Answer 2

+ his own study, 39% of juveniles compared to a control group of 5%
+ demonstrates the importance of the role between parent and child
- doesn’t explain the 61%
- overestimates how much early childhood influences the future
- ignores the roles of genes influencing criminality

Question 3

Eysenck

Answer 3

+ supporting evidence found offenders have high N,E and P scores
+ personality questionnaire is useful to measure tendancies that cause criminality
- evidence has shown a lot of prisoners don’t have high E scores
- it doesn’t prove that personality causes criminality

Question 4

Sutherland

Answer 4

+ crime often runs in the family
+ MATTHEWS - juvenilles are more likely to have friends who commit crime
+ his own study suggests that social groups can normalise crime
- not everyone who is exposed to crime becomes a criminal
- if it runs in the family shouldn’t it be biological

Question 5

Skinner

Answer 5

+ Skinners animal studies show that learning through reward and punishment works
+ the theory is easy to apply to crime
- more experiments are done on animals so can’t explain human criminality
- ignores mental process
- humans chose how to behave and some people may chose to suffer

Question 6

Bandura

Answer 6

+ considers we learn from other experiences
+ Banduras own study supports
- based on artificial lab studies so may not represent true crime
- not all behaviour can be imitated
- ignores freedom of choice