Individual Differences Explanation - Cognitive Approach Flashcards
Explain hallucinations…
Estimated that between 2.5%-4% of the population have experienced hallucinations with no diagnosis
Anthony Morrison (1998) stated that triggers can cause individuals to ‘hear’ voices in maladaptive way, where they are then appraised inappropriately, eliciting behaviour such as social withdrawal or self-harm
Emotions produced reinforce the messages being offered by critical voices, causing them to be perpetuated in a vicious cycle
Explain negative symptoms…
Approach has had more difficulty explaining negative symptoms
Aaron Beck et al (2008) have drawn heavily from the idea of the cognitive triad to offer a reasonable model of negative symptoms, which proposes that the individual endorses dysfunctional beliefs, and hold cynical and gloomy views of the future
Mental filter only allow in negative messages and deficits in information processing, bolstering pessimistic views, leading to flatness of affect/avolition
Explain the lack of preconscious filter…
Stated that core positive symptoms could be explained by difficulties in inhibiting preconscious content
Senses receive a tremendous amount of information from our environment, which reach our awareness and interpret it, where ‘best-fit’ information is propelled to our consciousness
Christian Frith (1979) proposed that some people attentional filters are defective, and claimed that this leads to people becoming aware of ambiguous and multiple interpretations of events, and find it difficult to select and carry through a course of action
Explain the compromised theory of mind…
Frith (1992) proposed that individuals with schizophrenia are working with a compromised theory’s of one’s own mind
Disorders of willed action explain negative and disorganised symptoms
Disorders of self-monitoring explain delusions of alien control and vocal hallucination
Disorders of monitoring other’s thoughts and intentions lead to delusions of persecution
