Individual Differences and Capabilities Flashcards
Factors that drive individual differences
- Heredity
- Environmental experience
- Combination of both
Traits
- Genetically inherited factors
- Stable and enduring
- Normal distribution
Types of traits
- Cognitive
- Physical
- Emotional
- Personality
Examples of Cognitive Traits
- Art
- Music
Examples of Physical Traits
- Height
- Body somatotype
- Muscle composition
- Kinesthesis
- Handedness
- Perceptual abilities
- Motor abilities
Examples of Emotional Traits
- Feelings
- Emapthy
Examples of Personality Traits
- Motivation
- Aggression
Motor Abilities
- GENETICALLY determined
- Stable and enduring
- Underlie or support the performance of motor skills
Motor abilities as a limiting factor
- Not all abilities are equally important
- Predisposed limitations on skill performance and learning
- Motor abilities establish upper limits
- Genetic factors set limits for environmental factors to operate within
Abilities vs Skills
Abilities - Genetically determined - Stable - Limit ability to perform Skills - Developed by practice - Developed by experience
How many motor abilities are there?
- Debated just how many there are
- About 40-50 (debatable)
- Fleishman’s taxonomy of motor abilities – 21
Difference between Perceptual-Motor Abilites and Physical Proficiency Abilities
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Theories that explain abilities
- General Motor Ability hypothesis
- Specificity of Motor Ability hypothesis
General Motor Ability Hypothesis
- A single global ability is the basis for all motor behavior
- Based in biology
Specificity of Motor Ability Hypothesis
A person’s rank in one motor ability does not predict his/her ranking for any other motor ability
Fall of the GMA Hypothesis
- Drowatzky and Zuccato 1967 (Air Force study)
- Static and dynamic balance
Regression toward the mean
The tendency for individuals regardless of their parent’s traits, to move toward the mean
Fallacy of Observed Correlation
The tendency to draw conclusions based on relationships that can be readily observed
