Individual Differences Flashcards
Explain how deviation from social norms would identify someone with an abnormality.
Deviation from social norms is not doing what is seen as ‘normal’ in the eyes of society, therefore someone who washes there hands over and over for an hour would not be seen as normal and may be classed, OCD.
What are the limitations of the deviation from social norms definition?
Some people are just eccentric
Social norms change all the time something that may have been seen as abnormal once isn’t any more, homosexuality.
What is the definition of failure to function adequately and give an example of someone who would fail to function adequately.
Failure to function adequately explains abnormal behaviour as behaviour which stop someone from going about their usual everyday business. An example would be someone with depression.
What are the limitations of the failure to function adequately definition.
Abnormality is not always accompanied by dysfunction, so one may appear to be functioning adequately but may be depressed.
Normal abnormality, sometimes people may not be functioning adequately but not have a mental disorder, e.g. If someone is grieving.
Deviation from ideal mental health (Marie Jahoda)
List the six factors…..
accurate PERCEPTION of reality PARAMS AUTONOMY RESISTANCE to stress positive ATTITUDES towards self MASTERY of the environment SELF-ACTUALISATION of your potential
Explain what perception means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Being able to see the environment as it is, without hearing voices or seeing things which don’t exist. (an example of someone not meeting this factor, someone with schizophrenia)
Explain what autonomy means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Having control of your own future and being able to do what you want.
(an example of someone not meeting this factor, someone with schizophrenia or OCD)
Explain what Resistance means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Being able to get over periods of stress, e.g. Moving house, studying for exams, ect. An example of someone not meeting this factor, someone with schizophrenia or depression.
Explain what attitudes means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Being able to think positively about yourself. You can accept you faults but generally like the person you are. An example of someone not meeting this factor, someone with depression.
Explain what mastery means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Being able to react to changes in the environment and adapt yourself accordingly. An example of someone not meeting this factor would be someone with depression.
Explain what self-actualisation means in the deviation from ideal mental health definition.
Being able to fulfil your potential and not waste your life doing things you don’t want to do. An example of someone not meeting this factor, someone with depression or schizophrenia.
What are limitations of the deviation from ideal mental health definition?
Over-demanding criteria, not everyone makes the most of their potential, but don’t have a mental disorder.
Cultural variation, in some cultures people don’t meet the six criteria, because of there norms.
Behavioural approach to psychopathology key assumptions.
People are born as ‘blank slates’ and acquire abnormalities through experience.
Abnormalities are learned through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and/or social learning theory.
Only observable behaviours should be measured.
Classical conditioning
Learning through__________
Association
Mainly explains phobias.
John Watson
Little Albert 1920
Albert was first presented with a white rat, which he played with. He later repeatedly paired the white rat with a loud banging noises right behind Alberts head, Albert became sever,y distressed.
In the end the presentation of the rat alone was enough to make Albert distressed.
