Developmental Flashcards
Isabella
1989
Found that mothers and infants who were very responsive to each other at one months were more likely to be securely attached at 12 months.
Longditudinal study but does not include other factors, personality.
Genie
1970
Case study
13 years old
Rutter
2007
165 Romanian children, most started in the institution at 1-2 weeks. Control group of 52 children. Children assessed at 4,6 and 11 years of age.
Romanian children who wee adopted before the age of 6mths caught up well 9% disinhibited attachment, those adopted after 26% disinhibited attachment.
Vanijendoorn and Kroonenburg
1988
Meta analysis
Japan: 68% secure Germany: most avoidant children
0% avoidant
32% resistantTakahashi
1990 68% secure 0% avoidant 32% resistant Strange situation
Ainsworth and Bell
1970
66% secure
22% avoidant
12% resistant
100 working class American children 12-18mths
3 main stages child +career, career leaves, reunion with career.
Hetherington
1979-1982 Disruption of attatchment
Divorced group showed negative behaviours, aggression, less mature play. Girls seemed to recover better, boys continued to have higher average rates of aggression 2-4 years.
Compared to a control group.
Longditudinal
Only done on children staying with mothers.
Robertson and Roberston
1971
Disruption of attachment, John
4 other children fostered
Small sample size
Hazan and Shaver
1987 love quiz Oxytocin 200 men 400 women Strong correlation in attachments as a child and relationships as an adult. Supports ICCM
Belsky
2003-2007 Effects of daycare on aggression
Worked with the NICHD
1000 children attending different types of daycare or no daycare. Followed up 5yrs and 12yrs
The more time in daycare the less socially skilled.
Meitoff and Moore
1977
Showed that infants as young as 12 days old can imitate facial expressions
Bowlby
1944
44 thieves
Affection-less psychopaths
Separation from mother before 5 years
Belsky and Rovine
Temperament theory
1982
Newborns that showed behavioural instability were less likely to be securely attached when older
objective measures
Di Lalla
1998
124 children aged 5
Observed in a lab, playing pairs with a child they hadn’t met before
Those attending daycare had poorer social skills
didn’t take other factors into account.
Tizard and Hodges
1989
65 children raised in a children’s home 4mths-4yrs
With adoptive mother: 95% close attachment at 8yrs, 81% at 16yrs
With biological mother: 46% close attachment at 8yrs, 56% at 16yrs
High attrition rate
21% at 8yrs, 35% at 16yrs
