Individual Differences Flashcards
What is a predictor?
Any variable used to forecast a criterion
What is reliability?
The consistency, stability or equivalence of a measurement (does the same measure yield the same result each time?)
What are the different types of reliability in psych?
Test-Retest reliability (does this exact measure produce consistent results at 2 different times? Shorter time interval=higher reliability)
Equivalent form Reliability (Do these two forms of the same test equally reflect the same concept?)
Internal-Consistency Reliability(Do all questions in the test measure the same concept?)
Inter-Rater Reliability(Would two people look at this test and agree with its assessments?)
What is a coefficient of stability?
Correlate the two sets of answers to the same test, the correlation reflects how stable/reliable the test is over time
What reliability coefficient is professionally acceptable?
> .70
What is a coefficient of equivalence?
A measure of if 2 tests are equal measurements of the same concept
What is split-half reliability?
A test is given to a group of people but it’s scoring is divided between 2 sets of alternating questions (accounting for fatigue). If the test is internally reliable, then both scores should be similar, especially with longer tests
What is the 2nd way of measuring internal-consistency reliability?
Treating each question like a mini test and creating correlational coefficients between them all.
What is Validity?
Whether a measurement is accurate/correct. Compared to reliability, depends on the use of a test
What is Construct Validity?
The degree to which a test is accurately measuring the construct it’s supposed to
What is a convergent validity coefficient?
A measure of whether or not a new test is highly correlated with a pre-established test that measures the same concept
What is a divergent validity coefficient?
A measure that means test that measures one concept should not correlated with concepts unrelated to the one it’s supposed to
What is Criterion Related validity?
Is the measurement predicting what it is supposed to predict?(Most respected in I/O Psychology)
Explain Binning and Barrett’s chart of construct validity
X measures construct 1, Y measures construct 2. Link 1 is the only one that can be tested directly (2 actual criteria). To determine construct validity, study link 2 and 4. When comparing 2 constructs, look at link 3.
What does “g” refer to? What is its predictive factor to job performance ?
General mental/cognitive ability, fairly high (r= 22)
What is Adverse Impact?
A substantially different rate of selection in employment decisions, which disadvantages a group
